Entrepreneurship Profile of Students From two Peruvian Universities: a Comparative Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/ree.28-2.18448Keywords:
Entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial attitude, business skills, educational training, Quality education, entrepreneurship education, decent work and economic growth, job creationAbstract
Introduction: The insertion into the labor market of university students is one of the most important motivations for pursuing higher education. At present, entrepreneurship is presented as an option that is becoming increasingly relevant. Objective. Identify and differentiate the way in which the entrepreneurship profile differs based on the population group to which the student belongs, influenced by sociodemographic factors. Methodology. Non-experimental, comparative-transversal, with a sample of 250 students from public and private universities, to whom a questionnaire of questions was administered to the students using the survey technique. To cross-reference the information and note the differences, we conducted a descriptive analysis using cross tables. To verify the hypotheses, the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. Findings. It was identified that the only factor with significant value is the student’s work activity (0.027), while the other sociodemographic aspects presented a p-value > 0.05. Conclusion. There are no significant differences in the entrepreneurship profile in eight of the nine aspects evaluated. Implications. The entrepreneurship profile appears to be conditioned by the student’s current work activity.
References
Ahmed, I. (2022). Linking self-efficacy, entrepreneurial fit, family support, and entrepreneurial intentions: An explanatory mechanism. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.959444
Arispe Alburqueque, C. M., Yangali Vicente, J. S., Guerrero Bejarano, M. A., Rivera Lozada de Bonilla, O., Acuña Gamboa, L. A., & Arellano Sacramento, C. (2020). La investigación científica. Una aproximación para los estudios de posgrado. Universidad Internacional del Ecuador. https://repositorio.uide.edu.ec/handle/37000/4310
Avila Angulo, E. (2021). La evolución del concepto emprendimiento y su relación con la innovación y el conocimiento. Investigación & Negocios, 14(23), 32-48. https://doi.org/10.38147/invneg.v14i23.126
Ayad, T., Sobaih, A. E. S., & Elshaer, I. A. (2022). University Incubator Support and Entrepreneurial Intention among Tourism Graduates: Mediating Role of Personal Attitude. Sustainability, 14(23), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142316045
Bawn, M., Dent, D., & Bourne, P. E. (2022). Ten simple rules for using entrepreneurship skills to improve research careers and culture. PLoS Computational Biology, 18(4), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009946
Brancu, L., Munteanu, V., & Gligor, D. (2012). Study on student’s motivations for entrepreneurship in Romania. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 62, 223-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.036
Bustos, V., Martínez-Gregorio, S., Galiana, L., Oliver, A., & Olivos, M. (2022). Learning strategies and entrepreneurial attitudes: A predictive model of entrepreneurship intention in peruvian undergraduate students. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 40(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/apl/a.11689
Carhuancho Mendoza, I. M., Nolazco Labajos, F. A., Sicheri Monteverde, L., Guerrero Bejarano, M. A., & Casana Jara, K. M. (2019). Metodología para la investigación holística. UIDE. https://repositorio.uide.edu.ec/handle/37000/3893
Castillo Saavedra, E., Reyes Alvaro, C. E., Ayala Jara, C. I., & Arroyo Rosales, E. M. (2021). Escala de perfil emprendedor en estudiantes universitarios peruanos. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 26(94), 840-858. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluzv26n94.21
Damián Simón, J. & Cobos Vivaldo, L. (2022). Educación emprendedora y competencias transversales: Una propuesta para la educación primaria. Estudios Pedagógicos, 48(1), 33-50. https://www.scielo.cl/pdf/estped/v48n1/0718-0705-estped-48-01-33.pdf
Díaz Saavedra, R., Chauca, J. R., Meléndez Ruíz, K., & Campos, L. G. (2021). Actitud emprendedora y capacidad de creación de microempresas en estudiantes universitarios de San Martín, Perú. Summa, 3(2), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.47666/summa.3.2.24
Durán Peralta, J. (2019). Desarrollo regional y emprendimiento: Evidencia para Colombia. El Trimestre Económico, 86(2), 467-490. https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/ete/v86n342/2448-718X-ete-86-342-467.pdf
Eckhardt, J. T., Harris, C., Chen, C., Khoshimov, B., & Goldfarb, B. (2022). Student regional origins and student entrepreneurship. Regional Studies, 56(6), 956-971. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2021.1987408
Fernand Desfrancois, P. (2023). El emprendimiento y su aporte a la economía ecuatoriana. Revista Científica Investigación & Negocios, 16(27), 25-40. http://www.scielo.org.bo/pdf/riyn/v16n27/2521-2737-riyn-16-27-25.pdf
Fernández, Z. & Rodriguez, A. (2023). The value chain configuration in the digital entrepreneurship age: The paradoxical role of digital technologies. En R. Adams, D., Grichnik, A., Pundziene, & C., Volkmann (Edits.), Artificiality and sustainability in entrepreneurship. Exploring the unforeseen, and paving the way to a sustainable future (pp. 61-81). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11371-0_4
Gao, Y. & Qin, X. (2022). Entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention of Chinese college students: Evidence from a moderated multi-mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1049232
García Uceda, E., Murillo-Luna, J. L., & Asín Lafuente, J. (2022). Determinant factors in entrepreneurial intention among Social Work degree students: the moderating effect of entrepreneurship education. Social Enterprise Journal, 18(4), 563-584. https://doi.org/10.1108/SEJ-07-2021-0061
Guerrero, M. & Santamaría-Velasco, C. A. (2020). Ecosistema y actividad emprendedora en México: Un análisis exploratorio. Perfiles Latinoamericanos, 28(55), 227-251. https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/perlat/v28n55/0188-7653-perlat-28-55-227.pdf
Heer, B. & Trede, M. (2023). Age-specific entrepreneurship and PAYG: Public pensions in Germany. Journal of Macroeconomics, 75, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2022.103488
Herrera Jiménez, A., Sanjuan-Pabón, L. K., & Pulido-Castelblanco, A.P. (2022). Tercera misión universitaria, estrategias para desarrollarla usando el emprendimiento. En T. L. Fonseca-Ortiz, E. A. Castro Aldana, & J. F. Díaz Burgos (Eds.). Emprendimiento social, innovación y derechos humanos- Una perspectiva desde la acción integral (pp.13-28). Sello Editorial ESMIC. https://doi.org/10.21830/9786289514605.01
Hoogendoorn, B., Uhlaner, L., Van der Zwan, P., & Stephan, U. (2024). Entrepreneurship, age, and social value creation: A constraint-based individual perspective. Journal of Small Business Management, 62(3), 1286-1322. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2022.2133128
Huezo-Ponce, L., Fernández-Pérez, V., & Rodríguez-Ariza, L. (2021). Emotional competencies and entrepreneurship: Modeling universities. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 17, 1497-1519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00683-w
Jan, A. U. & Figueroa, G. (2020). The entrepreneurship intention questionnaire applied to students in Perú. 2020 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342951
Krieger, A., Block, J., Stuetzer, M., Obschonka, M., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2022). Closing the gender gap in entrepreneurship: The importance of skill variety. PLoS ONE, 17(7), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270976
León Mendoza, J. (2018). Emprendimiento de negocios propios en el Perú: El rol de los factores sociodemográficos personales a nivel de departamentos. Estudios Gerenciales, 34(146), 19-33. https://doi.org/10.18046/j.estger.2018.146.2810
Lescano Chavez, Y., Pinedo Zumaeta, G. M., Cruz-Tarrillo, J. J., & Haro-Zea, K. (2022). Emprendimiento social: Diferencias demográficas y género en estudiantes universitarios/as peruanos/as. Prisma Social, (38), 244-265. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=8532271
Lestari Kadiyono, A. & Ashriyana, R. (2017). What the best education for students to become entrepreneurs? An analysis of disparity in psychological profile of students based on graduate employability entrepreneurship. En Saefurrohman, M. Winda, B. As Suady, Suhandini, & A. S. Dadari (Eds.), Actas de la 4a Asia Pacifica Education Conference (AECON), 109, 18-21. Atlantis Pess. https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/aecon-17/25884210
Lien, T. T. H. & Hoang, N. D. (2022). The impact of young employees’ perceptions of current paid jobs on the entrepreneurial intention with the mediator of job satisfaction: The case of Vietnam. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 10(4), 55-71. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2022.100404
Liu, M., Gorgievski, M. J., Zwaga, J., & Paas, F. (2023). How entrepreneurship program characteristics foster students’ study engagement and entrepreneurial career intentions: A longitudinal study. Learning and Individual Differences, 101, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2022.102249
Longa López, P. (2023). Las políticas públicas y el emprendimiento en el ámbito educativo. Revista de Climatología, 23(Especial), 3962-3971. https://rclimatol.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Articulo-RCLIMCS23_Patricia.pdf
Mahajan, T. & Gupta, S. (2017). Study of driving factors of entrepreneurship intention among management students. En L. Tadj, A. K. Garg (Eds.), Emerging challenges in business, optimization, technology, and industry. Actas de la 3a International conference on Business Management and Technology. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58589-5_17
Onalan, M. S., Ersoy, K., & Magda, R. (2020). Measurement of entrepreneurial profiles in Turkey: A multi-dimensional scale development. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 22(2), 362-383. https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2020.22.2.24
Pietersen, M. L. & Botha, M. (2021). Impulsivity and entrepreneurial perseverance: toward an empirical account and entrepreneurship-prone profile. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior y Research, 27(7), 1849-1870. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-05-2020-0288
Querejazu Vidovic, C. V. (2020). Aproximación teórica a las causas del emprendimiento. Economía Teoría y Práctica, 28(52), 69-97. https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/etp/n52/2448-7481-etp-52-69.pdf
Reichert, P., Bird, M. D., & Farber, V. (2021). Gender and entrepreneurial propensity: risk-taking and prosocial preferences in labour market entry decisions. Social EnteRprise Journal, 17(1), 111-139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/SEJ-07-2020-0050
Rosado-Cubero, A., Freire-Rubio, T., & Hernández, A. (2022). Entrepreneurship: What matters most. Journal of Business Research, 144, 250-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.01.087
Sá, C. & Holt, C. (2019). Profiles of entrepreneurship students: Implications for policy and practice. Education + Training, 61(2), 122-135. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-06-2018-0139
Salcedo-Muñoz, V., Arias Montero, V., Núñez Guale, L., Robalino Rivadeneira, A., Nugra Betancourth, M., & Salcedo Muñoz, R. (2018). El emprendimiento de los estudiantes universitarios en Ecuador: Caso Universidad Técnica de Machala. Revista Dilemas Contemporáneos. Educación, Política y Valores, 6(1), 1-29. https://dilemascontemporaneoseducacionpoliticayvalores.com/index.php/dilemas/article/view/969
Saldarriaga Salazar, M. E. & Guzmán González, M. F. (2018). Enseñanza del emprendimiento en la educación superior: ¿Metodología o modelo? Revista EAN, (85), 125-142. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/206/20658110008/html/
Santos-Jaén, J. M., Iglesias-Sánchez, P. P., & Jambrino-Maldonado, C. (2022). The role of gender and connections between entrepreneurship and employability in higher education. The International Journal of Management Education, 20(3), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2022.100708
Schachter, H. L. (2022). Race, class, gender and social entrepreneurship: Extending the positionality of icons. Journal of Management History, 28(4), 476-490. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMH-11-2021-0059
Toledano, N., Gessa, A., & Sánchez-Herrera, R. (2022). Rethinking the resources and responsibilities of university spin-offs: Critical factors in times of global crisis. Sustainability, 14(19), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912628
Wen, Y., Chen, H., Pang, L., & Gu, X. (2020). The relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial self-efficacy of chinese vocational college students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124511
Wu, J., Si, S., & Liu, Z. (2022). Entrepreneurship in Asia: Entrepreneurship knowledge when East meets West, Asian Business & Management, 21, 317-342. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41291-022-00187-1
Yang, K. M., Tang, J., Donbesuur, F., & Adomako, S. (2023). Institutional support for entrepreneurship and newtsak venture internationalization: Evidence from small firms in Ghana. Journal of Business Research, 154, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113360
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Erik Pezo-Arteaga, Eduardo Fabrizzio Paredes-Limo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Unported License.
1. In case the submitted paper is accepted for publication, the author(s) FREELY, COSTLESS, EXCLUSIVELY AND FOR AN INDEFINITE TERM transfer copyrights and patrimonial rights to Universidad Nacional (UNA, Costa Rica). For more details check the Originality Statement and Copyright Transfer Agreement
2. REUTILIZATION RIGHTS: UNA authorizes authors to use, for any purpose (among them selfarchiving or autoarchiving) and to publish in the Internet in any electronic site, the paper´'s final version, both approved and published (post print), as long as it is done with a non commercial purpose, does not generate derivates without previous consentment and recognizes both publisher's name and authorship.
3. The submission and possible publication of the paper in the Educare Electronic Journal is ruled by the Journal’s editorial policies, the institutional rules of Universidad Nacional and the laws of the Republic of Costa Rica. Additionally, any possible difference of opinion or future dispute shall be settled in accordance with the mechanisms of Alternative Dispute Resolution and the Costa Rican Jurisdiction.
4. In all cases, it is understood that the opinions issued are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position and opinion of Educare, CIDE or Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica. It is also understood that, in the exercise of academic freedom, the authors have carried out a rogorous scientific-academic process of research, reflection and argumentation thar lays within the thematic scope of interest of the Journal.
5. The papers published by Educare Electronic Journal use a Creative Commons License:
The articles published by Educare Electronic Journal can be shared with a Creative Commons License: 
