CRÉDITO AGROPECUARIO Y SOSTENIBILIDAD DE LA AGRICULTURA
Keywords:
Crédito agropecuario, sostenibilidad, agricultura, productor, consumo.Abstract
El objetivo de este artículo es proveer un marco teórico para la demanda crediticia y uso del crédito por agentes económicos bajo la denominación y conceptualización de hogares finca o productores agropecuarios.
Un enfoque de demanda es seleccionado para identificar la función de demanda de crédito del agricultor, suponiendo un comportamiento de maximización de la utilidad, en lugar de un enfoque basado en consideraciones sobre el prestamista o de oferta de fondos, a saber, costos, riesgos y rendimientos. Estas consideraciones del prestamista obviamente deben ser incorporadas en el análisis, puesto que el acceso observado al crédito es el resultado tanto de consideraciones de demanda como de consideraciones de oferta.
De varias formas, los tópicos cubiertos en este artículo emergen del modelo básico de dos períodos de Fisher,1 con sus bien conocidas relaciones entre precios y producción, acervos fijos de factores productivos, oportunidades de inversión, mercados eficientes de capital y tasas inter-temporales de preferencias. Este modelo explica satisfactoriamente el problema de toma de decisiones que enfrenta el agricultor, un agente económico que es al mismo tiempo productor y consumidor. El modelo aplica también a la toma de decisiones de otras unidades económicas como la pequeña y mediana empresa.
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