Aglomerações industriais locais vis-à-vis redes competitivas globais: noções marshallianas de áreas econômicas, inovação e desenvolvimento territorial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/eys.25-57.3Resumo
A inovação é uma das principais contribuições que os clusters podem fazer para impulsionar o desenvolvimento regional e territorial. Esta revisão literária pós-marshalliana exaustiva compara e contrasta a noção de inovação e explica sua evolução no contexto de abordagens teóricas recentes que explicam as aglomerações industriais modernas e o desenvolvimento territorial.
Desde 1990, e até as contribuições teóricas mais recentes, este estudo analisa a inovação, principalmente em relação aos clusters, e como eles podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento e a competitividade daqueles em territórios e países. O modelo Diamond de Porter e suas extensões teóricas, focadas na demanda e determinantes de fatores e mercado, são catalisadores intelectuais da noção de inovação em relação ao desenvolvimento territorial. No entanto, este estudo denota que sua ambiguidade e flexibilidade levaram escritores franceses pós-Porterianos a considerar que espacialidade e relacionalidade através de redes, setores e indústrias são essenciais para gerar inovação e criação de conhecimento, e sua respectiva disseminação. Além disso, abordagens de economia política, como os modelos de inovação de hélices e a análise semiótica inspirada no marxismo, estimularam o uso da inovação como um fator de mudança, que influencia territórios e nações.
À medida que a inovação é incorporada aos modelos estudados, sua contribuição se torna cada vez mais evidente. O denominador comum entre todas as teorias pós-marshallianas é o papel crucial e mutante que a inovação desempenha como catalisador da competitividade e do desenvolvimento nas zonas francas e nos níveis territorial, nacional e global.
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