Geopolitics of offshore oil exploration in the Caribbean Sea: border area between Colombia and Nicaragua
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/rgac.60-1.3Keywords:
Boundary, oil, Colombia-Nicaragua, geopolitics, Caribbean.Abstract
The border between Colombia and Nicaragua appears as a dynamic scenario characterized by a tension between the two countries due to their delimitation, comprising the archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina and the adjacent area in the western Caribbean Sea. To resolve this controversy, in 2012 the International Court of Justice determined that Colombia exercised sovereignty over the Archipelago and delimited new boundaries at sea, which modified the areas of usufruct of both countries. This region is important to the global geopolitical panorama for two main reasons. First, its proximity to the Panama Canal and to Nicaragua’s future Canal, strategic routes of world trade. And second, the interest shown by two countries in opening up oil exploration concessions at sea, within the framework of the current crisis regarding crude oil production, which translates into lower oil reserves, price fluctuations, and local and global socio-environmental impacts generated by all stages of the use of this resource. The purpose of this article is to discuss the validity of oil exploration and its growing interest in offshore areas, as well as the analysis of the resulting global relationships.
References
Araiza, R. (2014). Conflicto Colombo-Nicaragüense desde la perspectiva de la Jurisprudencia de la Corte Internacional de La Haya. Memorias del foro internacional Fronteras en el Caribe.
Bárcenas Menezes, J. & Esguerra, J. M. (1928). Tratado sobre cuestiones territoriales entre Colombia y Nicaragua. Recuperado el 12 de 03 de 2013, de Fundación Enrique Bolaños: http://sajurin.enriquebolanos.org/vega/docs/1928%20TRATADO%20SOBRE%20CUESTIONES%20TERRITORIALES%20ENTRE%20COLOMBIA%20Y%20NICARAGUA.pdf
Caballero, J. A. (20 de Noviembre de 1803). Real Orden de 1803. Recuperado el 20 de Mayo de 2015, de Pasaporte Colombiano: https://pasaportecolombiano.wordpress.com/2007/12/16/documento-real-orden-de-1803/
Cancillería Colombia. (2016). Controversia Territorial y Marítima (Nicaragua c. Colombia) 2001-2012. Recuperado el 25 Febrero de 2016, de http://www.cancilleria.gov.co/casos_corte/nicaragua_colombia
Carpio, M. (Marzo-Junio, 2006). El hombre del hidrocarburo y el ocaso de la era del petróleo. Mientras Tanto, 98, 105-121.
Chaparro Mendivelso, J. & Meneses Arias, I. (Diciembre de 2015). El Antropoceno: Aportes para la comprensión del Cambio Global. (U. d. Barcelona, Ed.) Aracne - Geocrítica(203).
Constitución de Cúcuta. (06 de Octubre de 1821). Recuperado el 13 de Mayo de 2015, de https://es.wikisource.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_de_C%C3%BAcuta
Corte Internacional de Justicia. (10 de Marzo de 2015). Estatuto da Corte Internacional de Justiça. Obtenido de http://www.icj-cij.org/homepage/sp/icjstatute.php
Esguerra, M., & Irias, J. (05 de Mayo de 1930). Pasaporte Colombiano. Obtenido de Acta de canje de Ratificaciones, Protocolo de 1930: https://pasaportecolombiano.wordpress.com/2007/12/13/documento-protocolo-de-1930/
García, E. (Marzo-Junio de 2006). Del Pico del petróleo a las visiones de una sociedad pos-fosilista. Mientras tanto, 98, 25-47.
Harvey, D. (2011). O enigma do Capital: as crises do capitalismo (Primeira Edição ed.). (B. Tempo, Ed., & P. JOÃO ALEXANDRE, Trad.) São Paulo, Brasil.
HKND. (2012). HKND Group: Hong Kong Nicaragua Canal Development. Obtenido de http://hknd-group.com
Hoyos, C. (17 de Marzo de 2007). The New Seven Sisters: oil and gas giants and western rivals. Recuperado el 22 de Abril de 2016, de http://www.ft.com/content/471ae1b8d002-22db-94cb-000b5df10621
Internacional Court of Justice. (19 de November de 2012). Territorial an Maritime dispute (Nicaragua v. Colombia). Recuperado el 28 de Marzo de 2013, de Press Release Unofficial: http://www.icj-cij.org/homepage/index.php?lang=en
International Court of Justice. (19 de 11 de 2012). Reports of Judgments, Advisory, Opinions and Orders. Territorial and Maritime Dispute (Nicaragua v. Colombia). Recuperado el 2013, de http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/124/17164.pdf
Jaimes, M. (Julio-Diciembre de 2012). Petróleo: Historia y perspectivas geopoliticas. Aldea Mundo, 17, 65-70.
La Prensa. (13 de Junio de 2013). Orteguismo aprueba construcción del Canal. Recuperado el 28 de Noviembre de 2015, de Diario de los Nicaragüenses: http://www.laprensa.com.ni/2013/06/13/politica/150676-orteguismo-aprueba-construccion-del-canal
La Voz del Sandinismo. (2013). Gran Canal Interoceánico de Nicaragua. Recuperado el 12 de Mayo de 2015, de http://www.lavozdelsandinismo.com/gran-canal-interoceanico-de-nicaragua/
Martínez Alier, J. (2014). O Ecologismo dos pobres. (M. WALDMAN, Trad.) São Paulo: Editora Contexto.
Morris, M. (Enero de 1986). Maritim Geopolitics in Latin América. Political Geography Quarterly, 1, 43-55.
OEA. (Abril de 1948). Pacto de Bogotá. Recuperado el 15 de Noviembre de 2015, de Organización de los Estados Americanos: http://www.oas.org/juridico/spanish/tratados/a-42.html
Ozkam, M. (Enero-Junio de 2011). El Oriente Medio en la politica mundial: Un enfoque sistémico. Estudios Políticos, 99-120.
Pulido Gómez, G. (2017). Exploração de petróleo na área da nova fronteira Colombia-Nicaragua: Aproximação Geopolítica. (I. d. Ambiente, Ed.) São Paulo, Brasil: Universidade de São Paulo.
Ribeiro, W. C. (2010). Geografia política e a questão internacional dos recursos naturais. Estudos Avançados, 69-80.
Santos, M. (2014). A Natureza do Espaço (4a Edição, 8a reimpressão ed.). São Paulo: Edusp.
Toro Pérez, C. (10 de Septiembre de 2015). La geopolítica del extractivismo marino en el Caribe Occidental. Grupo Semillas, 59.
Vázquez, A., & Saccio, L. (18 de 09 de 1972). CANCILLERÍA COLOMBIA. Recuperado el 2013, de Tratado entre el Gobierno de la República de Colombia y el Gobierno de los Estados Unidos de América Relativo a la situación de Quitasueño, Roncador y Serrana.: http://www.cancilleria.gov.co/colombia/sovereignty/affairs
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Proposed policy for journals offering Open Access
Authors publishing their works in the Journal acknowledge and agree to the following terms:
a) Authors retain the copyrights to their works and guarantee the Journal the right to be the first to publish their works, under the Creative Commons License Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es), which allows others to share works upon complying with the acknowledgment of authorship and mention of the Journal as the original publisher of the work.
b) Authors are permitted to separately establish additional agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the official edition of the work published in the Journal (for example, authors may desire to place the work in an institutional repository or incorporate it into a book that is to published elsewhere) so long they acknowledgment to recognize the Journal as the original publisher. The aforementioned additional agreements must respect the terms of the non-profit character and sharing philosophy of the original license (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 International, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es).
c) Authors are encouraged to archive the post-print or editor/PDF version in Open Access repositories.
REVGEO is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es
.svg_4.png){kind=logo}
_(1).png){kind=logo}
_(1)_(1)_(1)_1.png){kind=logo}
(2)(1)(1)(1).png){kind=logo}
