METODOLOGÍA PARA LA GESTIÓN DE CUENCAS HIDROGRÁFICAS SIGUIENDO EL ENFOQUE DEL RIESGO INTEGRAL
Abstract
Se presenta metodología general del enfoque de riesgo a través de la tecnología de los Sistemas de Información Geográfcos, la evolución de los conceptos del enfoque integral de riesgo como apoyo a la Gestión de las Cuencas Hidrográfcas y su evolución.Mediante ejemplos de proyectos realizados con base en una metodología integradora en la variable de riesgo, que es útil, para realizar un ordenamiento integral de los recursos ambientales (biofísicos, socioeconómico-culturales) a nivel de la Cuenca Hidrográfca.
El grado de riesgo se determina, partiendo de que el riesgo se entiende como una evaluación cognoscitiva de las pérdidas que pueden ocurrirle a un elemento expuesto, de acuerdo con sus características, su situación y un contexto particular de tiempo y de espacio, el análisis, cuantifca espacialmente el grado de riesgo, utilizando la tecnología SIG.
El modelo general de ordenamiento territorial con énfasis en prevención en el que se considere el riesgo como una función de la amenaza y de la vulnerabilidad, esto es, r = f(A,V) Finalmente, se introduce la evolución de los conceptos con el aporte de los escenarios de amenazas y el manejo de la vulnerabilidad socioeconómica que permite aplicar el enfoque de riesgo integral, por medio de la tecnología SIG.
Palabras claves: Amenaza, vulnerabilidad, riesgo, manejo integrado de recursos naturales,ordenamiento territorial, Sistemas de Información Geográfcos.
Abstract
General methodology of focusing on risk is presented through the technology of the Geographic Information System (GIS), the evolution of the concepts of the integral focus of risk as a support to the management of Hydrographic Watershed and its evolution.
Through examples of completed projects, an integrative methodology is made of the risk variable that is useful to achieving an integral ordering of the environmental resources (biophysics, socioeconomic-cultural) at the Hydrographic Watershed level.
The risk degree is determined, starting form the premise that the risk can be understood as a cognitive evaluation from the losses that can happen to an exposed element, according to
their characteristics, situation and a particular context of time and space, the quantifed analysis, especially of the degree of risk, using GIS technology.
The general model of territorial ordering, with emphasis on prevention and what is considered the risk as a function of the hazard and the vulnerability, that is: r = f(A, V).
Finally, evolution of the concepts is introduced, with the contribution of the hazard scenarios and management of the socioeconomic vulnerability that allows application of the risk focus, by GIS technology.
Key words: hazards, vulnerability, risk, integrated management of natural resources, territorial ordering, GIS, Geographic Information Systems.
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