DESLAZAMIENTOS EN LA CUENCA DEL RIO BANANO, UNA CONSECUENCIA DEL TERREMOTO DE ABRIL DE 1991
Keywords:
inundaciones, deslizamientos, Limón.Abstract
En la región Caribe algunas cuencas se vieron afectadas en su comportamiento hidrológico, como consecuencia del terremoto de abril de 1991.
Un ejemplo evidente de lo anterior es la cuenca del rio Banano, que es la fuente principal del agua potable para la provincia de Limón, y que se presenta un comportamiento de rio aluvial acelerado como consecuencia de cerca de 40 millones de m3 de material deslizado. Los deslizamientos característicos en la cuenca son deslizamientos de roca (rockslide), aunque puede observarse uno de tipo rotacional (rotational slump); además existen flujos de detritos ( debris flow). Este comportamiento acelerado origina inundaciones en poblados como Aguas Zarcas, Quitaría, Beverly; Polonia, Bomba y María Luisa. Con el fin de minimizar las consecuencias de estas inundaciones se establece una zonificación de áreas inundables para la parte baja de la cuenca en tres clases.
Además, en la cuenca se registra un aporte significativo de material en suspensión, lo cual podrá alterar la posibilidad del agua.
ABSTRACT
The April 1991 earthquake in Costa Rica caused changes in the hydrological characteristics of several watersheds in the Caribbean region of country.
Evidence of these changes was observer in the rio Banano, the principal source of potable water for the province de Limon. The behavior of the alluvial river accelerated as a consequence of nearly 40 million cubic meters of material that moved within the watershed as a result of the earthquake. The characteristical landslides were rockslides, althoung rotational slump and debris flow slides were also observed. The accelerated hydrological changes in the river have caused flooding in populated areas such as Aguas Zarcas, Quitará, Beverly, Polonia, Bomba and Maria Luisa. In order to minimize the consequences of the flooding, the lower part of the watershed was classified in three categories according to flooding susceptibility.
The river has also shown an increase in suspended material, which could affect the potability of the water.
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