OCUPACIÓN DEL SUELO Y PAISAJE EN LA RESERVA INDÍGENA DE TALAMANCA, COSTA RICA
Keywords:
uso del suelo, paisaje, ecología, indígenas, Reserva Indígena de Talamanca,Abstract
Este artículo aborda la temática de la ocupación del suelo y el paisaje durante los últimos veinte años en la Reserva Indígena de Talamanca. La investigación se basa en información acerca del uso del suelo obtenida en la fotointerpretación del área de estudio durante los años 1976,1985, 1991, 1992 y 1997. Además, el análisis de la estructuración del uso del suelo y su relación con el paisaje es abordado desde la perspectiva de la dinámica poblacional, condiciones biofísicas y tenencia de la tierra. Se concluye que el capital es el elemento fundamental que determina las transformaciones en el uso del suelo durante el período de estudio en la Reserva Indígena de Talamanca, lo que ha incrementado la dependencia de agentes económicos externos y erosionado la estructura productiva autosuficiente que predominaba en el área. Lo anterior se ilustra con la expansión del monocultivo del plátano en las áreas del valle del río Telire y con el fuerte crecimiento de la población sobre estos sitios que se ha presentado durante los últimos veinte años, lo que ha provocado fuertes cambios en la estructuración del paisaje.
ABSTRACT:
This article analyzed the land-use patrón and the landscape at the Talamanca Indian Reservation, located in the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. The land-use information is based in aerial photos from 1976,1985,1991,1992 y 1997 that were studied and compared the different results. In addition to it, the land-use and landscape analysis is complemented with data about population, environmental conditions y land tenure from the study area that were collected in the field. This research found that capital factor is the basic element that explain the land-use changes during the studied period. There is an increase in the depending of external economic factors that has been eroded the traditional economic system. One example of it is the expansión of the banana plantain agriculture and increase of the population in the Telire Valley.
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