DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DURING SCHOOL RECESS COMBINING MEASUREMENTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND CHILDREN’S PERSPECTIVE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.14-2.4Keywords:
Physical activity, barriers, childhood, school recess, perception, types of SchoolAbstract
The aim of this study was to determine physical activity levels of children during school recess, taking into account children’s perceptions as well as observations during recess. A mixed method was used, including the System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth (SOPLAY) and focus groups. Participants included students from 3 public schools with regular and alternating schedules, who were observed during their school breaks. In addition, focus groups were held and descriptive statistics were used. A factorial variance test (2x2) was also used to determine if there were differences between levels of moderate-vigorous physical activity among school types. Results of focus groups were organized into categories. Students exhibited 47.98 sedentary activity and 52.02 moderate-vigorous physical activity during school recess, with girls being more sedentary than boys. Students with an alternating schedule are more active than those with a regular schedule. Participants perceived reduced space to play and little support from teachers as barriers to do physical activity. In conclusion, this study showed that a little over 50% of students perform physical activity during school recess, with children in alternating schedules being more active than those with a regular schedule. Participants perceive that school environment does not favor physical activity, due to environmental barriers. Based on the results of this study, physical activity should be promoted during school recess, taking into consideration barriers in natural, social, physical, and organizational environments.
References
Álvarez, C. (2016). Entendiendo los factores que determinan la actividad física en el entorno escolar desde la perspectiva de los niños y niñas. MHSALUD: Revista en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Salud, 13(1), 1-17. Doi: https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.13-1.2
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2013). The crucial role of recess in school. Pediatrics, 131(1), 183-187. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-2993
Anthamatten, P., Brink, L., Lampe, S., Greenwood, E., Kingston, B. y Nigg, C. (2011). An assessment of schoolyard renovation strategies to encourage children’s physical activity. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8(27), 2-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-27
Arias, E. (2014). Niveles de actividad física de niños y adolescentes durante el descanso en la escuela, un estudio observacional con el uso de SOPLAY. Revista Educación Física y Deportes, 33(1), 175-191. Recuperado de http://aprendeenlinea.udea.edu.co/revistas/index.php/educacionfisicaydeporte/article/viewFile/20415/17246
Biddle, S.J.H. y Asare, M. (2011). Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: a review of reviews. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(11), 886-895. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090185
Blaes, A., Ridgers, N.D., Aucouturier, J., Van Praagh, E, Berthoin, S. y Baquet, G. (2013). Effect of a playground makings intervention on school recess physical activity in French children. Preventive Medicine, 57(5), 580-584. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.07.019
Davison, K. y Lawson, C. (2006). Do attributes in the physical environment influence children’s physical activity? A review of the literature. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 3(19), 1-17 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-3-19
Elliot, S. Combs S. y Boyce, R. (2011). Recess physical packs in elementary schools: a qualitative investigation. The Physical Educator, 68(3), 150-162. Recuperado de http://js.sagamorepub.com/pe/article/view/2264
Frago, J., Murillo, B., García, L, Aibar, A. y Zaragoza, J. (2017). Physical Activity Levels during unstructured recess in spanish primary and secondary schools. European Journal of Human Movement, 38, 40-52. Doi: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6066036
Fuster, V. (2014). Top 10 cardiovascular therapies and interventions for the next decade. Nature reviews. Cardiology, 11(11), 671-683. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2014.137
Janssen, I., y Leblanc, A. G. (2010). Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 7(40), 1-16. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-7-40
Haug, E., Torsheim, T., Sallis, J.F. y Samdal, O. (2010). The characteristics of the outdoor school environment associated with physical activity. Health Education Research, 25(2), 248-256. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyn050
Hayman, L. L., Williams, C. L., Daniels, S. R., Steinberger, J., Paridon, S., Dennison, B., McCrindle, B.W., & Committee on Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth (AHOY) of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, American Heart Association. (2004). Cardiovascular health promotion in the schools: A statement for health and education professionals and child health advocates from the Committee on Atherosclerosis, Hypertension and Obesity in Youth (AHOY) of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, American Heart Association. Circulation, 110, 2266-2275. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000141117.85384.64
Ickes, M., Erwin, H. y Beighle, A. (2013). Systematic Review of Recess Interventions to increase Physical Activity. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 10(6), 910-926. PMID: 23074100. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.10.6.910
Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá [INCAP]. (2016). Situación de la obesidad en Centroamérica y República Dominicana. Revista A.C. Nota Técnica, 1-7. Recuperado de http://www.incap.int/sisvan/index.php/es/cooperacion-tecnica-en-la-region/documentos-especializados/doc_view/279-nota-tecnica-situacion-de-la-obesidad-en-centro-america-y-republica-dominicana-2016
Ishii, K., Shibata, A., Sato, M. y Koichiro O. (2014). Recess Physical Activity and Perceived School Environment among Elementary School Children. Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(7), 7195-7206. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110707195
Mays, A., Graber, K. y Daum, D. (2012). Children’s recess physical activity: Movement Patterns and Preferences. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 31(2), 146-162. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.31.2.146
McKenzie, T.L., Marshall, S.J., Sallis, J.F. y Conway, T.L. (2000). Leisure-time physical activity in school environments: an observational study using SOPLAY. Prevention Medicine, 30(1), 70-77. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1999.0591
Mckenzie, Sallis y Nader (1991). System for observing fitness instruction time. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 11, 195-205.
Ministerio de Salud y Ministerio de Educación Pública. (2016). Censo Escolar Peso/Talla 2016. Resultados., 1-51. Recuperado de http://www.mep.go.cr/sites/default/files/page/adjuntos/resultados-censo-escolar-peso-talla-2016.pdf
Organización Mundial de la Salud [OMS]. (2010). Recomendaciones Mundiales sobre Actividad Física para la Salud. Recuperado de http:// http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44441/1/9789243599977_spa.pdf
Organización Panamericana de la Salud [OPS]. (2010). Encuesta Mundial de Salud Estudiantil. [Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS)]. Recuperado de http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_c%20ontent&view=article&id=11655%3Agshs&catid=8472%20%3Agshs-data&lang=en%20
Ozdemir, A. y Yilmaz, O. (2008). Assessment of outdoor school environments and physical activity in Ankara’s primary schools. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28 (3), 287-300. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.02.004
Parrish, A., Yeatman, H., Iveson, D. y Russell, K. (2012). Using Interviews and Peer Pairs to Better Understand how School environments Affect Yong Children Playground Physical Activity Levels: a Qualitative Study. Health Education Research, 27(2), 269-280. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyr049
Patton, M.Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Method. Integrating Theory and Practice. (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Pawlowski, C., Tjørnhøj-Thomsen T., Shipperijn, J. y Troelsen, J. (2014). Barriers for Recess Physical Activity: A Gender Specific Focus group Exploration. BMC Public Health, 14, 3-10. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-639
Pereira, Z. (2011). Los diseños de método mixto en la investigación en educación: Una experiencia concreta. Revista Electrónica Educare, 15(1), 15-29. Doi: http://revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/EDUCARE/article/viewFile/867/793
Pitney, W. y Parker, J. (2009). Qualitative Research in Physical Activity and the Health Professions. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Ridgers, N.D., Fairclough, S.J. y Stratton, G. (2010). Variables associated with children’s physical activity levels during recess: The A-CLASS project. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 7(74), 1-8. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-7-74
Ridgers, N. y Stratton, G. (2005). Physical Activity during school recess: The Liverpool Sporting Playground Project. Pediatric Exercise Science, 17, 281-290. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.17.3.281
Sallis, J.F., Conway, T.L., Prochaska, J.J., McKenzie, T.L., Marshall, S.J. y Brown, M. (2001). The association of school environments with youth physical activity. American Journal of Public Health, 91(4), 618-620.
Springer, A., Tanguturi, Y., Ranjit, N., Skala, K. y Kelder, S. (2013). Physical Activity During Recess in Low-Income Third-Grade Texas Students. American Journal of Health Behavior, 37(3), 318-324. doi: 10.5993/AJHB.37.3.4 Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.91.4.618
Shen, B. (2014) Outside-school physical activity participation and motivation in physical education. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(1), 40-57. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12004
Verstraete, S. J., Cardon, G. M., De Clercq, D. L. y De Bourdeaudhuij, I. M. (2006). Increasing children's physical activity levels during recess periods in elementary schools: the effects of providing game equipment. European Journal of Public Health, 16(4), 415-419. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckl008
Ward, D., Saunders, R. y Pate, R. (2007). Physical Activity Interventions in Children and Adolescents. USA: Human Kinetics Publishers. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2009.02.011
Willenberg, L.J., Ashbolt, R., Holland, D., Gibbs, L., MacDougall, C., Garrard, J., Green, J. y Waters, E. (2010). Increasing school playground physical activity: a mixed methods study combining environmental measures and children's perspectives. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 13(2), 210-216. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2009.02.011
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
General conditions
MHSalud: Journal in Human Movement Sciences and Health by the Universidad Nacional is cover under a Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 Costa Rica license.
The journal is hosted in open access repositories such as the Institutional Repository of the Universidad Nacional, the Kimuk Repository of Costa Rica and La Referencia.
The editorial source of the journal must be recognized. Use the doi identifier for this purpose.
Self-archiving policy: The journal allows the self-archiving of the articles in their peer-reviewed version, edited and approved by the Editorial Board of the Journal to be available in Open Access through the Internet. More information in the following link: https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/25815
