Effects of Functional Training, Compared to Traditional Strength Training, on Physical Fitness in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.20-2.10Keywords:
fitness, exercise, elderly, resistance trainingAbstract
Introduction: Older adults (OA) represent a growing population group that is especially susceptible to a loss of physical fitness associated with functional impairment. Traditional resistance training (TRT) has proven to be effective, improving or limiting the loss of muscle mass and frailty. Functional training (FT) has emerged as an affordable alternative to prevent physical changes caused by aging. However, there is little evidence regarding the effectiveness of functional training, versus traditional resistance training, on physical capacity in older adults.
Purpose: To systematically review the effectiveness of FT, compared to TRT, on improving physical fitness in OA.
Methodology: Pubmed, SPORTDiscus (EBSCO), SCOPUS, PEDro, and Web of Science databases were consulted. In addition, search strategies were performed, including the terms "resistance training," "aged," "physical fitness," and "functional training."
Results: Five articles meeting inclusion criteria were identified. From the qualitative analysis conducted, it was observed that both FT and TRT training are effective in improving various manifestations of strength. In addition, compared to TRT, FT presents a higher proportion of effectiveness on functional fitness elements such as cardiorespiratory capacity (3.3 times), agility (2.7 times), and functional lower body strength (1.7 to 2.8 times).
Conclusion: Both FT and TRT can be valid alternatives to improve general physical fitness in OA. Likewise, EF is more effective on parameters related to functionality in OA.
References
Ai, M., Morris, T., Ordway, C., Quinoñez, E., D'Agostino, F., Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., Hillman, C., Pindus, D., McAuley, E., Mayo, N., Noriega de la Colina, A., Phillips, S., Kramer, A., & Geddes, M. (2021). The Daily Activity Study of Health (DASH): A pilot randomized controlled trial to enhance physical activity in sedentary older adults. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 106, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2021.106405.
Aragão-Santos, J. C., De Resende-Neto, A. G., Nogueira, A. C., Feitosa-Neta, M. de L., Brandão, L. H., Chaves, L. M., & Da Silva-Grigoletto, M. E. (2019). The effects of functional and traditional strength training on different strength parameters of elderly women: A randomized and controlled trial. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 59(3), 380-386. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29600837/
Austin, A., Flynn, M., Richards, K. L., Hodsoll, J., Duarte, T. A., Robinson, P., Kelly, J., & Schmidt, U. (2021). Duration of untreated eating disorder and relationship to outcomes: A systematic review of the literature. European eating disorders review: the journal of the Eating Disorders Association, 29(3), 329-345. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2745
Balachandran, A., Martins, M. M., De Faveri, F. G., Alan, O., Cetinkaya, F., & Signorile, J. F. (2016). Functional strength training: Seated machine vs standing cable training to improve physical function in elderly. Experimental Gerontology, 82, 131-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2016.06.012
Blythe, J. M., & Johnson, S. D. (2021). A systematic review of crime facilitated by the consumer Internet of Things. Security Journal, 34, 97-125. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41284-019-00211-8
Bustos-Viviescas, B., Delgado-Molina, M., & Arley, N. (2021). Evaluación de la carga interna en una sesión de entrenamiento funcional de alta intensidad: estudio de casos múltiples. Revista Cubana de Ortopedia y Traumatología, 35(1), 1-25. https://revortopedia.sld.cu/index.php/revortopedia/article/view/325
Chasipanta, W. A., Analuiza, E., Gaibor, J. A. G., & Torres, Á. F. R. (2020). Los beneficios de la actividad física en el adulto mayor: Revisión sistemática. Polo del Conocimiento: Revista científico-profesional, 5(12), 680-706. https://polodelconocimiento.com/ojs/index.php/es/article/view/2116
Costa, F., Parodi Feye, A., & Magallanes, C. (2021). Efectos del entrenamiento de sobrecarga tradicional vs CrossFit sobre distintas expresiones de la fuerza. Retos, 42, 182-188. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v42i0.86132
Da Silva-Grigoletto, M. E., Mesquita, M. M. A., Aragão-Santos, J. C., Santos, M. S., Resende- Neto, A. G., de Santana, J. M., & Behm, D. G. (2019). Functional training induces greater variety and magnitude of training improvements than traditional resistance training in elderly women. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 18(4), 789-797. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6873136/
De Resende-Neto, A., Feitosa, M., Silva-Santos, M. S., La Scala-Teixeira, C. V., De Sá, C. A., & Da Silva-Grigoletto, M. E. (2016). Treinamento funcional versus treinamento de força tradicional: efeitos sobre indicadores da aptidão física em idosas pré-frageis. Motricidade, 12, 44-53.
De Resende-Neto, A., Santos, M. S., Silva, R. J. S., de Santana, J. M., & da Silva-Grigoletto, M. E. (2018). Effects of different neuromuscular training protocols on the functional capacity of elderly women. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Do Esporte, 24(2), 140-144. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220182402167781
De Sousa, I., Nunes, R. S. M., de Luca Corrêa, H., & Vieira, E. (2021). Functional training program: the impact on depression, anxiety and sleep quality in adolescents. Sport Sciences for Health, 17, 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-020-00679-7
Diéguez, J. (2007). Entrenamiento funcional en programas de fitness. Vol. 1. Inde.
Elsawy, B., & Higgins, K. E. (2010). Physical activity guidelines for older adults. American Family Physician, 81(1), 55-59. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20052963/
Hernando-Castañeda, G. (2009). Nuevas tendencias en entrenamiento personal. Paidotribo.
McLaughlin E. C., El-Kotob R., Chaput J.-P., Janssen I., Kho M. E., Poitras V. J., Ross, R., Ross-White, A., Saunders, T., Sherrington, C., & Giangregorio, L. (2020). Balance and functional training and health in adults and older adults: an overview of systematic reviews. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 45(1), S180-S196. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2020-0279
Mercedes-Cabezas, M., Álvarez-Mites, J., Guallichico-Aguilar, P., Chávez-Hernández, J., & Romero-Frómeta E. (2017). Entrenamiento funcional y recreación en el adulto mayor: influencia en las capacidades y habilidades físicas. Revista Cubana de Investigaciones Biomédicas, 36(4), 1-13. https://revibiomedica.sld.cu/index.php/ibi/article/view/22
Ministerio de Salud de Chile (MINSAL). (2017). Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017. Primeros resultados. Gobierno de Chile. Recuperado de https://www.minsal.cl/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/ENS-2016-17_PRIMEROS-RESULTADOS.pdf
Parada, A. (2015). Preparación física em fútbol sala. Entrenamiento integral del jugador. Paidotribo.
Rezende-Barbosa, M. P., Oliveira, V. C., Silva, A. K., Pérez-Riera, A. R., & Vanderlei, L. C. (2018). Effectiveness of functional training on cardiorespiratory parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, 38(4), 539-546. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12445
Ríos-Rojas, N., Valle-Graciano, N. E., Ramírez-Villada, J. F., Tibaduiza-Romero, A. A., & García-Piedrahita, B. A. (2020). Caracterización cognitiva de adultos mayores físicamente activos y sedentarios participantes en programas de actividad física. VIREF Revista De Educación Física, 9(2), 67-82. https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/viref/article/view/342426
Servicio Nacional del Adulto Mayor, Chile (SENAMA). (2019, 27 de mayo). Estudio del Banco Mundial anticipa que en 2050 el 24% de la población chilena serán personas mayores. http://www.senama.gob.cl/noticias/estudio-del-banco-mundial-anticipa-que-en-2050-el-24-de-la-poblacion-chilena-seran-personas-mayores
Urrútia, G., & Bonfill, X. (2010). Declaración PRISMA: una propuesta para mejorar la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis. Medicina Clínica, 135(11), 507-511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2010.01.015
Veiga, O., Valcarce-Torrente, M., & de la Cámara, M. (2021). Encuesta Nacional de Tendencias de Fitness en España para 2021. Retos, 39, 780-789. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v1i40.83008
Villanueva, J., Vergara, D., Núñez, L., Zamorano, G., Zapata, S., Salazar, J., Alarcón, A., Rojo, R., Domancic, S., Yanine, N., & Araya, I. (2018). Riesgo de hemorragia postquirúrgica en pacientes bajo tratamiento antitrombótico sometidos a cirugía oral: Revisión Sistemática y Metaanálisis. Revista clínica de periodoncia, implantología y rehabilitación oral, 11(2), 121-127. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0719-01072018000200121
Wilke, J., & Mohr, L. (2020). Chronic effects of high-intensity functional training on motor function: a systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78615-5.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
General conditions
MHSalud: Journal in Human Movement Sciences and Health by the Universidad Nacional is cover under a Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 Costa Rica license.
The journal is hosted in open access repositories such as the Institutional Repository of the Universidad Nacional, the Kimuk Repository of Costa Rica and La Referencia.
The editorial source of the journal must be recognized. Use the doi identifier for this purpose.
Self-archiving policy: The journal allows the self-archiving of the articles in their peer-reviewed version, edited and approved by the Editorial Board of the Journal to be available in Open Access through the Internet. More information in the following link: https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/25815
