The Performance of Powerlifting Athletes During Their Lifetime

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.19-1.4

Keywords:

powerlifting, peak performance, growth, maturation, aging, strength

Abstract

This research performed data mining for men and women powerlifters for the categories of Equipped Powerlifting, Classic Powerlifting, Equipped Bench Press, and Classic Bench Press, recognized by the International Powerlifting Federation (IPF). It then conducted a nonlinear regression analysis based on age versus mean scores in terms of Wilks Points, IPF Points, and IPF GoodLift Points to obtain the fitted curve and the age of peak performance for each category. Overall, the performance for all categories of men and women in powerlifting and bench press starts with exponential growth from youth until close to the third decade, showing a peak performance between 27.67 to 31.50 years of age, and then a linear decrease during maturation and older age. Comparisons between men and women and between equipped and classic athletes do not show meaningful differences in age of peak performance, suggesting the same biological clock in terms of aging. The sport of powerlifting offers a useful model to study human beings' growth, maturation, and aging.

References

Anton, M. M., Spirduso, W. W., & Tanaka, H. (2004). Age-Related Declines in Anaerobic Muscular Performance: Weightlifting and Powerlifting. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(1), 143–147. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000106283.34742.be

Arabi, A., Mahfoud, Z., & Zahed, L. (2010). Effect of age, gender and calciotropic hormones on the relationship between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and bone mineral density. Eur J Clin Nutr, (64), 383–391. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2010.5

Corpas, E., Harman, S. M., & Blackman, M. R. (1993). Human Growth Hormone and Human Aging. Endocrine Reviews, 14(1), 20–39. https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv-14-1-20

Dodds, R. M., Syddall, H. E., Cooper, R., Kuh, D., Cooper, C., & Sayer, A. A. (2016). Global variation in grip strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis of normative data. Age and Ageing, 45(2), 209–216. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afv192

Fayet, G., Rouche, A., Hogrel, J.-Y., Tomé, F. M. S., & Fardeau, M. (2001). Age-related morphological changes of the deltoid muscle from 50 to 79 years of age. Acta Neuropathologica, 101(4), 358–366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004010000294

Frontera, W. R., Hughes, V. A., Lutz, K. J., & Evans, W. J. (1991). A cross-sectional study of muscle strength and mass in 45- to 78-yr-old men and women. Journal of Applied Physiology, 71(2), 644–650. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.2.644

Gallagher, D., Ruts, E., Visser, M., Heshka, S., Baumgartner, R. N., Wang, J., Pierson, R., Pi-Sunyer, F., & Heymsfield, S. B. (2000). Weight stability masks sarcopenia in elderly men and women. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 279(2), E366–E375. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2000.279.2

Handelsman, D. J., Sikaris, K., & Ly, L. P. (2016). Estimating age-specific trends in circulating testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin in males and females across the lifespan. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 53(3), 377–384. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004563215610589

Huebner, M., & Perperoglou, A. (2019). Performance Development From Youth to Senior and Age of Peak Performance in Olympic Weightlifting. Frontiers in Physiology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01121

International Powerlifting Federation. (2020a). The History of The International Powerlifting Federation. https://www.powerlifting.sport/federation/history

International Powerlifting Federation. (2020b). The History of The International Powerlifting Federation. https://www.powerlifting.sport/rules/codes/info/ipf-formula

Janssen, I., Heymsfield, S. B., Wang, Z., & Ross, R. (2000). Skeletal muscle mass and distribution in 468 men and women aged 18–88 yr. Journal of Applied Physiology, 89(1), 81–88. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.1.81

Kelsey, T. W., Li, L. Q., Mitchell, R. T., Whelan, A., Anderson, R. A., & Wallace, W. H. B. (2014). A Validated Age-Related Normative Model for Male Total Testosterone Shows Increasing Variance but No Decline after Age 40 Years. PLoS ONE, 9(10), e109346. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109346

Kim, M., Won, C. W., & Kim, M. (2018). Muscular grip strength normative values for a Korean population from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2014–2015. PLOS ONE, 13(8), e0201275. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201275

Larsson, L., Sjödin, B., & Karlsson, J. (1978). Histochemical and biochemical changes in human skeletal muscle with age in sedentary males, age 22-65 years. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 103(1), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1978.tb06187.x

Larsson, L., Grimby, G., & Karlsson, J. (1979). Muscle strength and speed of movement in relation to age and muscle morphology. Journal of Applied Physiology, 46(3), 451–456. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1979.46.3.451

Lexell, J., Taylor, C. C., & Sjöström, M. (1988). What is the cause of the ageing atrophy? Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 84(2-3), 275–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-510x(88)90132-3

Longo, A. F., Siffredi, C. R., Cardey, M. L., Aquilino, G. D., & Lentini, N. A. (2016). Age of peak performance in Olympic sports: A comparative research among disciplines. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2016.111.03

Mauras, N. (2006). Growth Hormone and Testosterone: Effects on Whole Body Metabolism and Skeletal Muscle in Adolescence. Hormone Research in Paediatrics, 66(1), 42–48. https://doi.org/10.1159/000096622

Nawata, H., Yanase, T., Goto, K., Okabe, T., & Ashida, K. (2002). Mechanism of action of anti-aging DHEA-S and the replacement of DHEA-S. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 123(8), 1101–1106. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0047-6374(01)00393-1

Parker, D.F., Round, J.M., Sacco, P., & Jones, D.A. (1990). A cross-sectional survey of upper and lower limb strength in boys and girls during childhood and adolescence. Ann Hum Biol. 17(3):199-211. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014469000000962

Oakdale Engineering. (2019). DataFit (Version 9.1) [Computer software]. Author. http://www.curvefitting.com

Orentreich, N., Brind, J. L., Rizer, R. L., & Vogelman, J. H. (1984). Age Changes and Sex Differences in Serum Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Concentrations throughout Adulthood. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 59(3), 551–555. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-59-3-551

R Development Core Team. (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (Version 3.6) [Computer software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. http://www.R-project.org/

Shephard, R.J. (1998). Aging and exercise. In T. D. Fahey (Ed.), Encyclopedia of sports medicine and science. Internet Society for Sport Science. https://www.sportsci.org/encyc/agingex/agingex.html

Solberg, P. A., Hopkins, W. G., Paulsen, G., & Haugen, T. A. (2019). Peak Age and Performance Progression in World-Class Weightlifting and Powerlifting Athletes. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 14(10), 1357–1363. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0093

Steiber, N. (2016). Strong or Weak Handgrip? Normative Reference Values for the German Population across the Life Course Stratified by Sex, Age, and Body Height. PLOS ONE, 11(10), e0163917. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0163917

Velásquez-Ormeño, H. (2009). Inicio del Levantamiento de Potencia como deporte. In A. J., Zuñiga-Ríos (Ed), Historia del Levantamiento de Potencia en Costa Rica (pp. 11-19). Autor.

Verdijk, L. B., Snijders, T., Drost, M., Delhaas, T., Kadi, F., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2014). Satellite cells in human skeletal muscle; from birth to old age. AGE, 36(2), 545–557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-013-9583-2

Wilkinson, D. J., Piasecki, M., & Atherton, P. J. (2018). The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function: Measurement and physiology of muscle fibre atrophy and muscle fibre loss in humans. Ageing Research Reviews, 47, 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2018.07.005

Wong, S. L. (2016). Grip strength reference values for Canadians aged 6 to 79: Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2007 to 2013. Health Reports. 27(10), 3-10. PMID: 27759870

Yamaji, T., & Ibayashi, H. (1969). Plasma Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate in Normal and Pathological Conditions. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 29(2), 273–278. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-29-2-273

Published

2021-12-09

How to Cite

Hernández Ugalde, J. A. (2021). The Performance of Powerlifting Athletes During Their Lifetime. MHSalud: Revista En Ciencias Del Movimiento Humano Y Salud, 19(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.19-1.4

How to Cite

Hernández Ugalde, J. A. (2021). The Performance of Powerlifting Athletes During Their Lifetime. MHSalud: Revista En Ciencias Del Movimiento Humano Y Salud, 19(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.19-1.4

Comentarios (ver términos de uso)

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 > >>