El efecto agudo de diferentes tipos de estiramiento sobre la altura de salto de gimnastas: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.17-2.7Palabras clave:
Gimnasia, entrenamiento, flexibilidad, vibraciónResumen
Objetivo: El principal objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el efecto de diferentes tipos de estiramiento sobre la altura de salto de gimnastas. Metodología: Se consultaron las siguientes bases de datos: EBSCOhost (SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, Academic Search Complete, E-Journals, Fuente Académica Premier, International Bibliography of Theatre & Dance with Full Text y PsycARTICLES) y Pubmed. Se utilizó la siguiente frase bolena: (stretch OR static stretch OR dynamic stretch OR ballistic stretch OR proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation) AND (jumping OR vertical jump OR countermovement jump OR explosive strength OR performance) AND (gymnasts OR gymnastics). Se establecieron los siguientes criterios de elegibilidad: Que posea un diseño experimental, cuasiexperimental o preexperimental. Que la muestra sea de gimnastas. Explicación de metodología clara. Buena descripción del método de estiramiento aplicado. Resultados: Se incluyó un total de 10 estudios individuales, la muestra total entre esa cantidad de estudios fue de 226 sujetos y, la cantidad de intervenciones fue de 16. El 75 % de las intervenciones tuvo un efecto no significativo (p>.05), mientras que el otro 25 % tuvo un efecto significativo (p<.05*) sobre la altura de salto. Ese porcentaje de efectos significativos corresponde a dos aumentos y dos disminuciones de la altura de salto. Conclusiones: La mayoría de las intervenciones indica que la altura de salto de gimnastas no se ve afectada por los diferentes tipos de estiramiento (sólo el 12.5 % de las intervenciones refutan esta afirmación), incluso, dos intervenciones mostraron aumentos de la capacidad de salto durante un tiempo determinado.
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