Programa preventivo de lesión de ligamento cruzado anterior en fútbol femenino durante períodos de confinamiento
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.19-2.10Palabras clave:
ligamento cruzado anterior, fútbol femenino, lesiones, COVID-19Resumen
La pandemia por COVID-19 obligó a paralizar el deporte en todo el mundo; por lo tanto, se redujo la carga de trabajo de los deportistas, lo cual, sumado al probable aumento de la densidad competitiva tras el período de confinamiento, resultará en un incremento del riesgo de lesión después del retorno a la competición. A este respecto, la rodilla es una de las zonas con mayor prevalencia de lesión en el fútbol femenino y la lesión del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) es de las más frecuentes y graves. En consecuencia, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue desarrollar un plan de prevención de lesión de LCA que pudiera ser llevado a cabo por mujeres futbolistas, durante períodos de confinamiento. Luego de una revisión de la literatura, se ha encontrado que el entrenamiento de fuerza (especialmente de la cadena posterior), el trabajo de la técnica de aterrizajes, así como el de estabilidad lumbopélvica y flexibilidad se asocian con un menor riesgo de lesión de LCA en mujeres. El programa se centra en factores de riesgo modificables, por lo que debe servir como una guía susceptible de adaptaciones, en función de cada contexto: las características individuales, el estado inicial y la evolución del sujeto durante su desarrollo. Por ende, en este estudio se plantea una intervención que pretende disminuir la probabilidad de lesión de LCA en mujeres futbolistas, tras el confinamiento, incidiendo, para ello, de forma directa sobre los mecanismos de lesión de LCA reportados en ellas.
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