Movimientos visuales y desempeño deportivo del tenista: revisión de alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.21-1.17800Palabras clave:
Tenis, movimientos oculares, fijaciones, desempeñoResumen
Propósito: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la bibliografía existente sobre las habilidades y movimientos visuales en jugadores de tenis. Metodología: Se indagó en las bases de datos Scopus, SPORTDiscus, PubMed y Google Scholar que permitieron seleccionar 37 estudios empíricos realizados con un método cuantitativo. La elección de los estudios respondió a los criterios establecidos en torno a las palabras clave, temática del estudio y la metodología de investigación. Resultados: Los resultados se organizan en tres tópicos centrales: (a) Antecedentes de habilidades visuales en el siglo XX, (b) Siglo XXI: rol de los movimientos sacádicos y (c) Reflexiones sobre la gesta tenística y los movimientos sacádicos. Conclusiones: A lo largo de varias décadas de investigación y seguimiento al enfoque “visión y deporte” en el tenis de campo, específicamente en los movimientos visuales entre fijaciones y movimientos sacádicos, se pueden identificar niveles diferenciales de rendimiento tenístico con el potencial de ser indicadores de mejores desempeños deportivos. Dado que las herramientas utilizadas hasta ahora en esta disciplina para los procesos de selección o evaluación no son determinantes, debido a ser una disciplina deportiva multifactorial de orden perceptivo-motor y de habilidades abiertas, se sugiere que las habilidades visuales pueden ser indispensables para la adquisición de un alto nivel competitivo. Este aspecto plantea una línea de investigación interesante que merece una mayor exploración en el futuro.
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