Actividad física y su relación con el consumo de alcohol, tabaco, y con variables asociadas a la salud mental en estudiantes universitarios: Un estudio transversal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/Palabras clave:
Actividad física, Estudiantes universitarios, Alcohol, Tabaco, Calidad de vida relacionada con la saludResumen
Introducción: Los deberes académicos modifican diversos comportamientos en los estudiantes que afectan su salud.
Objetivo: Identificar los niveles de actividad física (AF), alcohol, tabaco, ansiedad, depresión, y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en estudiantes universitarios. Además, explorar asociaciones entre AF con las otras variables.
Métodos: Estudio transversal de alcance correlacional en 717 estudiantes que empleó un muestreo aleatorio simple. Se aplicaron el Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, CAGE Questionnaire, Global Adult Tobacco Survey, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, y SF-12.
Resultados: El 42.4% presentó nivel alto de AF, 23.8% nivel moderado, y 33.8% nivel bajo, hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas por sexo (p<0.05), con asociación moderada (v de Cramér = 0.20). 30.6% mostraron problemas de alcohol y 13.1% de dependencia al alcohol. 92.2% no fuman, 7.0% fuman, y 0.8% no respondieron. No se observó correlación entre AF y alcohol, y AF y tabaco (p>0.05). 43.5% presentaron ansiedad leve, 31.5% no tuvieron ansiedad, 13.8% moderada y 11.2% grave. 15.7% presentaron depresión moderadamente severa y severa (agrupadas), 34.7% leve y 35.7% sin depresión. Hubo relación entre AF y depresión (p<0.05; v de Cramér = 0.13). AF y CVRS mostraron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas (p<0.05) de magnitud débil (<0.30).
Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren pensar en estrategias para aumentar la AF con énfasis en las mujeres. Es importante emprender acciones para tratar los problemas de alcohol y de dependencia al alcohol, de igual forma para la ansiedad y la depresión dadas las proporciones encontradas. Debe tratarse con atención el componente mental de CVRS, puesto que mostró disminución de 7.5 puntos por debajo del promedio poblacional de referencia.
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