PRUEBA DE CAMINATA DE SEIS MINUTOS ¿ES POSIBLE PREDECIR EL CONSUMO DE OXÍGENO EN PERSONAS CON PATOLOGÍAS? UNA REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.16-1.1Palavras-chave:
Prueba de aptitud, oxígeno, extrapolación, saludResumo
La prueba de caminata de seis minutos (PC6M) consiste en recorrer la mayor distancia posible y se caracteriza por ser una prueba de fácil realización. El objetivo de esta revisión fue examinar la relación entre las variables de distancia recorrida, patologías cardíacas, pulmonares y el consumo de oxígeno de una prueba de criterio en cinta rodante y cicloergómetro, y las ecuaciones de predicción del VO2 en la PC6M de Maldonado e Ingle (2006), Vanhelst (2013) y Costa (2017) para personas con patologías. El manuscrito es una revisión bibliográfica que utilizó las bases de datos Scopus y WOS, con artículos en inglés, español y portugués entre 2000 y 2017. La distancia es la variable que más se midió y que más se asoció con el VO2, encontrándose correlaciones significativas con valores de 0.01 hasta 0.8, las patologías más relacionadas con el VO2 máx. fueron la hipertensión pulmonar, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva, insuficiencia cardíaca, disfunción sistólica ventricular y accidente cerebro-vascular y el cicloergómetro fue el más utilizado en las pruebas de criterio de VO2 máx. Solo una ecuación fue elaborada para niños que eran obesos la que incluyó distancia e IMC (Vanhelst), otra ecuación fue para adultos con enfermedad cardíaca que además incluía el sexo (Costa), una en pacientes con disfunción sistólica ventricular que aparte incorporó la edad, volumen espiratorio y hemoglobina (Ingle) y otra fórmula fue para adultos con insuficiencia cardíaca que consideró la distancia (Maldonado). Se sugiere utilizar la ecuación más apropiada y elaborar modelos predictivos para personas con diversas características.
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