Proposta para a classificação das zonas de velocidade no basquetebol: Um novo critério baseado nos valores máximos registrados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.19-2.2Palavras-chave:
Esportes de equipe, zonas de velocidade, esprint, corrida de alta velocidade, intensidade da carga de trabalhoResumo
A quantificação da carga de treinamento se tornou uma obrigação para treinadores e pessoal técnico em esportes coletivos. Entre as variáveis analisadas, a distância percorrida em diferentes zonas de velocidade é uma das mais estudadas. Entretanto, não há consenso na definição de zonas de velocidade nos artigos publicados sobre cada esporte coletivo, o que torna difícil a comparação entre eles. Portanto, os objetivos deste artigo eram estabelecer um critério padrão na classificação das zonas de velocidade nos esportes coletivos e analisar sua aplicação prática no basquetebol. Foram estabelecidas cinco categorias de velocidade para o basquetebol seguindo a metodologia descrita acima: 0-10 km/h, >10-13,8 km/h, >13,8-17,6 km/h, >17,6-21,5 km/h, >21,5 km/h. Os resultados mostram entre períodos de alta velocidade e sprints, velocidade máxima, desacelerações e acelerações totais. Em conclusão, a categorização das demandas com base no desvio padrão de acordo com a velocidade máxima poderia ser uma opção viável para individualizar a análise da distância percorrida pelas velocidades em esportes coletivos como o basquetebol. Seu uso pode ajudar a compreender e contextualizar melhor os dados de movimento em esportes e equipes específicas.
Referências
Aguiar, M., Botelho, G., Gonçalves, B., & Sampaio, J. (2013). Physiological Responses and Activity Profiles of Football Small-Sided Games: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(5), 1287–1294. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318267a35c
Akenhead, R., Harley, J., & Tweddle, S. (2016). Examining the External Training Load of an English Premier League Football Team With Special Reference to Acceleration. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(9), 2424–2432. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001343
Akenhead, R., & Nassis, G. (2016). Training Load and Player Monitoring in High-Level Football: Current Practice and Perceptions. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 11(5), 587–593. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0331
Alarifi, A., Al-Salman, A., Alsaleh, M., Alnafessah, A., Al-Hadhrami, S., Al-Ammar, M., & Al-Khalifa, H. (2016). Ultra Wideband Indoor Positioning Technologies: Analysis and Recent Advances. Sensors, 16(5), 707. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16050707
Aughey, R. (2010). Australian football player work rate: Evidence of fatigue and pacing? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 5(3), 394–405. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.5.3.394
Bangsbo, J., Nørregaard, L., & Thorsø, F. (1991). Activity profile of competition soccer. Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences = Journal Canadien Des Sciences Du Sport, 16(2), 110–116. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1647856/
Barros, R. M., Misuta, M. S., Menezes, R. P., Figueroa, P. J., Moura, F. A., Cunha, S. A., Anido, R., & Leite, N. J. (2007). Analysis of the distances covered by first division Brazilian soccer players obtained with an automatic tracking method. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 6(2), 233-242. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24149334
Bastida-Castillo, A., Gómez-Carmona, C., De la Cruz Sánchez, E., & Pino-Ortega, J. (2018). Accuracy, intra- and inter-unit reliability, and comparison between GPS and UWB-based position-tracking systems used for time–motion analyses in soccer. European Journal of Sport Science, 18(4), 450–457. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2018.1427796
Bastida-Castillo, A., Gómez-Carmona, C., Pino-Ortega, J., & de la Cruz Sánchez, E. (2017). Validity of an inertial system to measure sprint time and sport task time: A proposal for the integration of photocells in an inertial system. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 17(4), 600–608. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2017.1374633
Bastida-Castillo, A., Gómez-Carmona, C., De la Cruz-Sánchez, E., Reche-Royo, X., Ibáñez, S., & Pino Ortega, J. (2019). Accuracy and Inter-Unit Reliability of Ultra-Wide-Band Tracking System in Indoor Exercise. Applied Sciences, 9(5), 939. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9050939
Bradley, P., Di Mascio, M., Peart, D., Olsen, P., & Sheldon, B. (2010). High-intensity activity profiles of elite soccer players at different performance levels. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(9), 2343–2351. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181aeb1b3
Bradley, P., Lago-Peñas, C., Rey, E., & Gomez, A. (2013). The effect of high and low percentage ball possession on physical and technical profiles in English FA Premier League soccer matches. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(12), 1261–1270. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2013.786185
Bradley, P., & Vescovi, J. (2015). Velocity thresholds for women’s soccer matches: Sex specificity dictates high-speed running and sprinting thresholds - Female Athletes in Motion (FAiM). International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(1), 112–116. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0212
Carling, C., Le Gall, F., & Dupont, G. (2012). Analysis of repeated high-intensity running performance in professional soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(4), 325–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.652655
Casamichana, D., Morencos, E., Romero-Moraleda, B., & Gabbett, T. (2018). The Use of Generic and Individual Speed Thresholds for Assessing the Competitive Demands of Field Hockey. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 17(3), 366–371. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30116109
Clarke, A., Anson, J., & Pyne, D. (2015). Physiologically based GPS speed zones for evaluating running demands in Women’s Rugby Sevens. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(11), 1101–1108. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.988740
Clemente, F., Nikolaidis, P., Van Der Linden, C. & Silva, B. (2017). Effects of Small-Sided Soccer Games on Internal and External Load and Lower Limb Power: A Pilot Study in Collegiate Players. Human Movement, 18(1), 50-57. https://doi.org/10.1515/humo-2017-0007
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Erlbaum.
Coutinho, D., Gonçalves, B., Figueira, B., Abade, E., Marcelino, R., & Sampaio, J. (2015). Typical weekly workload of under 15, under 17, and under 19 elite Portuguese football players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(12), 1229–1237. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1022575
Cunniffe, B., Proctor, W., Baker, J., & Davies, B. (2009). An evaluation of the physiological demands of elite rugby union using global positioning system tracking software. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(4), 1195–1203. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181a3928b
Datson, N., Drust, B., Weston, M., Jarman, I., Lisboa, P., & Gregson, W. (2017). Match Physical Performance of Elite Female Soccer Players During International Competition. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(9), 2379–2387. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001575
De Oliveira, M., Caetano, F., Pereira, T., De Souza, N., Moreira, G., Nakamura, F., Cunha, S., & Moura, F. (2014). Analysis of the distance covered by Brazilian professional futsal players during official matches. Sports Biomechanics, 13(3), 230–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2014.958872
Di Salvo, V., Baron, R., Tschan, H., Calderon Montero, F., Bachl, N., & Pigozzi, F. (2007). Performance Characteristics According to Playing Position in Elite Soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(3), 222–227. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-924294
Dwyer, D., & Gabbett, T. (2012). Global positioning system data analysis: Velocity ranges and a new definition of sprinting for field sport athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(3), 818–824. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182276555
Fessi, M., Zarrouk, N., Di Salvo, V., Filetti, C., Barker, A., & Moala, W. (2016). Effects of tapering on physical match activities in professional soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(24), 2189–2194. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1171891
Garrett, J., Gunn, R., Eston, R., Jakeman, J., Burgess, D & Norton, K. (2019). The effects of fatigue on the running profile of elite team sport athletes. A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 59(8),1328-1338. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.19.09356-3.
Gómez-Carmona, C., Gamonales, J., Pino-Ortega, J., & Ibáñez, S. (2018). Comparative analysis of load profile between small-sided games and official matches in youth soccer players. Sports, 6(4), 173. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6040173
Gómez-Carmona, C., Bastida-Castillo, A., García-Rubio, J., Ibáñez, S. J., & Pino-Ortega, J. (2019). Static and dynamic reliability of WIMU PROTM accelerometers according to anatomical placement. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 233(2), 238–248. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754337118816922
Gómez-Carmona, C., Bastida-Castillo, A., Ibáñez, S., & Pino-Ortega, J. (2020). Accelerometry as a method for external workload monitoring in invasion team sports. A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 15(8), e0236643. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236643
Greig, M., Emmerson, H., & McCreadie, J. (2019). Quantifying Functional Ankle Rehabilitation Progression Criteria Using GPS: A Preliminary Study. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 28(7), 729-734. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0045
Halouani, J., Chtourou, H., Gabbett, T., Chaouachi, A., & Chamari, K. (2014). Small-Sided Games in Team Sports Training: A Brief Review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(12), 3594–3618. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000564
Hunter, F., Bray, J., Towlson, C., Smith, M., Barrett, S., Madden, J., Abt, G., & Lovell, R. (2015). Individualisation of time-motion analysis: A method comparison and case report series. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(1), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1384547
Impellizzeri, F., Marcora, S., & Coutts, A. (2019). Internal and External Training Load: 15 Years On. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 14(2), 270–273. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0935
Jaspers, A., Brink, M., Probst, S., Frencken, W., & Helsen, W. (2017). Relationships Between Training Load Indicators and Training Outcomes in Professional Soccer. Sports Medicine, 47(3), 533–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0591-0
Jennings, D., Cormack, S., Coutts, A., & Aughey, R. (2012). GPS Analysis of an International Field Hockey Tournament. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 7(3), 224–231. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.7.3.224
Jeong, T., Reilly, T., Morton, J., Bae, S., & Drust, B. (2011). Quantification of the physiological loading of one week of “pre-season” and one week of “in-season” training in professional soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(11), 1161–1166. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.583671
Johnston, R., Gibson, N., Twist, C., Gabbett, T., MacNay, S., & MacFarlane, N. (2013). Physiological responses to an intensified period of rugby league competition. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(3), 643–654. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31825bb469
Luteberget, L., Spencer, M., & Gilgien, M. (2018). Validity of the Catapult ClearSky T6 Local Positioning System for Team Sports Specific Drills, in Indoor Conditions. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 115. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00115
Macutkiewicz, D., & Sunderland, C. (2011). The use of GPS to evaluate activity profiles of elite women hockey players during match-play. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(9), 967–973. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.570774
Makaje, N., Ruangthai, R., Arkarapanthu, A., & Yoopat, P. (2012). Physiological demands and activity profiles during futsal match play according to competitive level. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 52(4), 366-374.
Malone, J., Di Michele, R., Morgans, R., Burgess, D., Morton, J., & Drust, B. (2015). Seasonal training-load quantification in elite English premier league soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(4), 489–497. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0352
Malone, S., Owen, A., Mendes, B., Hughes, B., Collins, K., & Gabbett, T. (2018). High-speed running and sprinting as an injury risk factor in soccer: Can well-developed physical qualities reduce the risk? Journal of Science and
Medicine in Sport, 21(3), 257–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.05.016
Meylan, C., Trewin, J., & McKean, K. (2017). Quantifying Explosive Actions in International Women’s Soccer. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(3), 310–315. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0520
Miñano-Espin, J., Casáis, L., Lago-Peñas, C., & Gómez-Ruano, M. (2017). High Speed Running and Sprinting Profiles of Elite Soccer Players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 58(1), 169–176. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0086
Mohr, M., Krustrup, P., & Bangsbo, J. (2003). Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(7), 519–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/0264041031000071182
Mujika, I., Halson, S., Burke, L., Balagué, G., & Farrow, D. (2018). An Integrated, Multifactorial Approach to Periodization for Optimal Performance in Individual and Team Sports. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(5), 538–561. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0093
Naser, N., Ali, A., & Macadam, P. (2017). Physical and physiological demands of futsal. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 15(2), 76–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2017.09.001
Oliva-Lozano, J., Rojas-Valverde, D., Gómez-Carmona, C., Fortes, V., & Pino-Ortega, J. (2021). Impact of contextual variables on the representative external load profile of Spanish professional soccer match-play: A full season study. European Journal of Sport Science, 21(4), 497-506. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1751305
Park, L., Scott, D., & Lovell, R. (2019). Velocity zone classification in elite women’s football: Where do we draw the lines? Science and Medicine in Football, 3(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2018.1517947
Parlebas, P. (2002). Elementary mathematic modelization of games and sports. Bridging the gap between empirical sciences and theoretical research in the social sciences. In The Explanatory Power of Models (pp. 197–228). Kluwer Academic.
Pino-Ortega, J., Gómez-Carmona, C., Nakamura, F., & Rojas-Valverde, D. (2020). Setting Kinematic Parameters That Explain Youth Basketball Behavior: Influence of Relative Age Effect According to Playing Position. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 36(3), 820-826. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000003543
Pino-Ortega, J., Rojas-Valverde, D., Gómez-Carmona, C., Bastida-Castillo, A., Hernández-Belmonte, A., García-Rubio, J., Nakamura, F., & Ibáñez, S. (2019). Impact of Contextual Factors on External Load During a Congested-Fixture Tournament in Elite U’18 Basketball Players. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01100
Rampinini, E., Coutts, A., Castagna, C., Sassi, R., & Impellizzeri, F. (2007). Variation in Top Level Soccer Match Performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(12), 1018–1024. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-965158
Randers, M., Nielsen, J., Bangsbo, J, & Krustrup, P. (2014). Physiological response and activity profile in recreational small-sided football: No effect of the number of players. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 24(1), 130–137. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12232
Reche-Soto, P., Cardona-Nieto, D., Diaz-Suarez, A., Bastida-Castillo, A., Gomez-Carmona, C., Garcia-Rubio, J., & Pino-Ortega, J. (2019). Player Load and Metabolic Power Dynamics as Load Quantifiers in Soccer. Journal of Human Kinetics, 69(1), 259-269. https://sciendo.com/doi/10.2478/hukin-2018-0072
Reina-Román, M., García-Rubio, J., Feu, S., & Ibáñez, S. (2019). Training and Competition Load Monitoring and Analysis of Women’s Amateur Basketball by Playing Position: Approach Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2689. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02689
Rojas-Valverde, D., Gómez-Carmona, C., Fernández-Fernández, J., García-López, J., García-Tormo, V., Cabello-Manrique, D., & Pino-Ortega, J. (2020). Identification of games and sex-related activity profile in junior international badminton. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 20(3), 323–338. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2020.1745045
Rojas-Valverde, D., Gómez-Carmona, C., Gutiérrez-Vargas, R., & Pino-Ortega, J. (2019). From big data mining to technical sport reports: The case of inertial measurement units. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 5(1), e000565. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000565
Rojas-Valverde, D., Pino-Ortega, J., Gómez-Carmona, C., & Rico-González, M. (2020). A Systematic Review of Methods and Criteria Standard Proposal for the Use of Principal Component Analysis in Team’s Sports Science. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(23), 8712. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238712
Sampaio, J., Gonçalves, B., Rentero, L., Abrantes, C., & Leite, N. (2014). Exploring how basketball players’ tactical performances can be affected by activity workload. Science & Sports, 29(4), e23–e30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2013.05.004
Suarez-Arrones, L., Nuñez, F., Portillo, J., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2012). Running Demands and Heart Rate Responses in Men Rugby Sevens: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(11), 3155–3159. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318243fff7
Svilar, L., Castellano, J., Jukic, I., & Casamichana, D. (2018). Positional Differences in Elite Basketball: Selecting Appropriate Training-Load Measures. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(7), 947–952. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0534
Sweeting, A., Cormack, S., Morgan, S., & Aughey, R. (2017). When Is a Sprint a Sprint? A Review of the Analysis of Team-Sport Athlete Activity Profile. Frontiers in Physiology, 8, 432. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00432
Vázquez-Guerrero, J., Fernández-Valdés, B., Jones, B., Moras, G., Reche, X., & Sampaio, J. (2019). Changes in physical demands between game quarters of U18 elite official basketball games. PLoS One, 14(9), e0221818. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221818
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Termos e condições gerais
MHSalud: Revista en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Salud da Universidad Nacional é licenciada sob uma Licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Costa Rica.
A revista está hospedada em repositórios de acesso aberto, como o Repositório Institucional da Universidade Nacional, o Repositório Kimuk da Costa Rica e a Referência.
A fonte editorial da revista deve ser reconhecida. Use para esse fim o identificador doi da publicação.
Política de autoarquivamento: A revista permite o autoarquivamento de artigos em sua versão revisada, editada e aprovada pelo Conselho Editorial da revista para que estejam disponíveis em Acesso Aberto através da Internet. Mais informações no link a seguir: https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/25815
