Diferenças nos estilos de ataque e variáveis situacionais técnicas entre as ligas de futebol de elite europeu e sul-americano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.19-2.3Palavras-chave:
jogo, análise, futebol, desempenho, estilo ofensivoResumo
O objetivo era comparar os estilos de ataque das equipes de futebol de elite europeu e sul-americano nas duas ligas nacionais mais valorizadas de ambos os continentes (Europa: Liga espanhola e Premier League inglesa; América do Sul: Superliga argentina e Serie A Brasileira). Para este fim, foi utilizada uma amostra de 84 equipes e 3780 casos em 1214 jogos. Usando uma ferramenta de observação, foram analisados indicadores de desempenho (metas, tiros, dribles e passes) e situações de ataque posicional. Para avaliar a incerteza, foram calculados o tamanho do efeito (ES) e a inferência baseada em magnitude não-clínica (MBI). Os resultados revelaram que os times europeus marcaram mais gols por jogo através de uma transição rápida (ES = 0,35; MBI "provável") e ataque posicional (ES = 0,36; MBI "provável"). Além disso, os europeus passaram mais tempo jogando no último terço do campo rival, fizeram mais assistências (ES = 0,38; MBI 'provável') e assistência com um passe entre os defensores adversários (ES = 0,46; MBI 'provável') do que os sul-americanos. Finalmente, as equipes sul-americanas chutaram mais fora da área (ES = 1,52; 'quase certamente' MBI) e chutes fora do gol (ES = 108; 'quase certamente' MBI), e passaram mais tempo jogando no meio terço do campo (ES = 1,65; 'quase certamente' MBI). Não foram identificadas diferenças nos gols por meio de jogos com a bola parada, nos passes longos e nos passes aéreos. Estas descobertas informam os estilos de ataque de cada liga continental e poderiam ajudar a projetar situações de treinamento para o processo de ataque.
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