---

ISSN: 1659-455X • e-ISSN: 1659-407X. Vol. 11 (2), julio-diciembre 2019.
Recibido: 27 febrero 2019 • Corregido: 6 agosto 2019 • Aceptado: 12 agosto 2019
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/revmar.11-2.3

State of research of the Osteichthyes fish related to coral reefs in the Honduran Caribbean with catalogued records

Estado del conocimiento de los peces osteíctios asociados a los arrecifes de coral en el Caribe de Honduras, con registros catalogados

Anarda Isabel Salgado Ordoñez1, Julio Enrique Mérida Colindres1* & Gustavo Adolfo Cruz1

ABSTRACT

Research on Honduran coral reef fish has been isolated and scattered. A list of fish species related to coral reefs was consolidated to establish a compiled database with updated taxonomy. The study was conducted between October 2017 and December 2018. Using primary and secondary sources, all potential species in the Western Atlantic were considered, and their actual presence was confirmed using catalogued records published in peer-reviewed journals that included Honduras. In addition, the specimens kept in the Museum of Natural History of Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras were added. Once the list was consolidated, the taxonomic status of each species was updated based on recent literature. A total of 159 species and 76 genera were registered in 32 families. The family with the most species was Labrisomidae with 27 species (17%). Five families had more than five 5 genera registered, while four 4 were represented by more than 16 species, which is equivalent to 42% genera and 51% species. Gobiidae was represented by 10 genera (13%) and 21 species (13%), of which two 2 were endemic: Tigrigobius rubrigenis and Elacatinus lobeli. In turn, Grammatidae was represented by one endemic species Lipogramma idabeli (1.8%). The species Diodon holocanthus and Sphoeroides testudineus represent the first catalogued records for Honduras.

Keywords: Bleniidae, Chaenopsidae, Clinidae, fish database, Serranidae

RESUMEN

Las investigaciones en peces de arrecife en Honduras han sido aisladas y dispersas. Se consolidó una lista de especies de peces asociadas a los arrecifes de coral, con el objetivo de establecer una base compilada con su taxonomía actualizada. Este estudio se desarrolló entre octubre de 2017 y diciembre de 2018. Se consideró las especies potenciales incluidas en el Atlántico occidental, basadas en fuentes primarias y secundarias, así como se confirmó su presencia mediante registros catalogados publicados de revistas de revisión por pares que incluyeran Honduras. Además, se incorporó especímenes depositados en el Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras. Una vez consolidada la lista, se actualizó el estado taxonómico de cada especie, con base en la literatura reciente. En total, se registraron 159 especies y 76 géneros en 32 familias. La familia con más especies fue Labrisomidae con 27 (17%). Cinco familias registraron más de 5 géneros y cuatro estuvieron representadas por más de 16 especies, equivalentes al 42% de géneros y al 51% de especies. Gobiidae estuvo representada por 10 géneros (13%) y 21 especies (13%), de las cuales dos fueron endémicas: Tigrigobius rubrigenis y Elacatinus lobeli. A su vez, Grammatidae estuvo representada con una especie endémica Lipogramma idabeli (1.8%). Las especies Diodon holocanthus y Sphoeroides testudineus representan los primeros registros catalogados para Honduras.

Palabras clave: Bleniidae, Chaenopsidae, Clinidae, base de datos de peces, Serraidae

INTRODUCTION

Taxonomic inventories are used to measure site diversity (Magurran, 1988). In addition, the number and/or presence of species have been adopted to compare sites (Gotelli and Colwell, 2001). Therefore, richness is fundamental in biodiversity, biogeography, and conservation biology studies (Fourriére et al. 2016). Since species can shift their distribution through time due to different factors (environmental, ecological, or anthropogenic) and taxonomy changes and new species are registered, it is important to update local inventories (Fourriére et al. 2016; Galván-Villa et al. 2016). No comprehensive checklist of Honduran coral reef fish is available; in fact, only two scientific studies have been conducted on Honduran coral reef fish (Greenfield & Johnson, 1981; Clifton & Clifton, 1998). Consequently, our objective is to generate and updated a compiled list based on the current taxonomic status of fish families related to coral reefs in the Honduran Caribbean.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The study was conducted between October 2017 and December 2018. All potential species listed for the Western Atlantic that included Honduras were considered (Floeter et al. 2008). This list was complemented with other primary and secondary sources, such as journals, catalogues, and databases (Acero, 1985; Carpenter, 2002a; Carpenter, 2002b; Robertson & Van Tassell, 2019; Eschmeyer et al. 2019; World of Register of Marine Species-WoRMS Editorial Board, 2019; Froese & Pauly, 2019). Since defining species as ‘reef fish’ is difficult (Bellwood & Wainwright, 2002; Rocha, 2003), the lists of reef fish families proposed by Thresher (1991) and Bellwood (1996) were the ones used as a criterion. After a basic list was prepared, articles were consulted to confirm records of occurrence of species in Honduras and to search for any taxonomic changes in taxa to update the list. Most species were added to the list based on reported scientific collections in peer-reviewed journals. In addition, specimens in the fish collection of the Museum of Natural History of Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras at the University’s main campus (Ciudad Universitaria) (UNAH-CU) were also included. Each species listed was reviewed to ensure the correct taxonomic synonym. Nelson et al. (2016) was followed for the suprageneric classification, while Eschmeyer et al. (2019) and WoRMS (2019) were followed for the species generic and current taxonomic status. WoRMS (2019) was used when there were inconsistencies on the taxonomic classification.

RESULTS

The following are the most important results. Two new families were found (Chaenopsidae and Labrisomidae), which were originally considered part of another family (Clinidae). In addition, twenty-one species had changes in their taxonomy (genera and/or species) and one family had changes in one genus. Eight species were also found to be misspelled (Tables 1 and 2). Gramma linki was mentioned to occur in Central America (Colin, 1974; Starck & Colin, 1978; Acero, 1985; Smith-Vaniz & Bölhke, 1991), and Lipogramma evides, L. klayi, and Hypleurochilus aequipinnis were mentioned to occur in Honduras (Acero, 1985), as well as Clepticus parrae (= C. parrai) and Scarus isieri (=S. isierti) (Clifton & Clifton, 1998); however, there was no confirmation or catalogued records in Honduras of any of them. Clifton & Clifton (1998) erroneously assigned the specific epithet bahamensis to the genus Coralliozetus and placed this genus under Labrisomidae, although Stephens (1961) originally added it to the family Chaenopsidae together with Emblemariopsis bahamensis. In Belize and Honduras (B-H), Greenfield & Johnson (1981) published occurrences of Emblemariopsis leptocirris (first record in B-H), E. pricei (B-H), and E. signifera (B-H). Nevertheless, no data for E. bahamensis is presented for Honduras, hence, its presence needs to be confirmed in that region. On other hand, the genus Coralliozetus is represented only by one species in Belize: C. cardonae. However, it is listed in Fishbase to be in Honduras (Froese & Pauly, 2019) based on Acero (1985), who lists only one Coralliozetus species (Coralliozetus sp.) for Colombia as part of the subfamily Chaenopsinae and the family Clinidae. Accordingly, since E. bahamensis was not registered for Honduras or any other species of the genus Coralliozetus, none of them were included on this paper. As to Lucayablennius zingaro, Clifton & Clifton (1998) locate this genus as part of the family Labrisomidae. Böhlke identified Lucaya zingaro in 1957 and subsequently proposed changing it from Lucaya to Lucayablennius given Lucaya was already preoccupied (Böhlke 1958), maintaining the zingaro species type (Lucaya zingaro = Lucayablennius zingaro) and the original description of the species under the subfamily Chaenopsinae (Böhlke, 1957) (= Chaenopsidae). Therefore, the species is part of Chaenopsidae, rather than Labrisomidae. Kähsbauer (1972) reported Eupomacentrus fuscus and E. flavilatus, while Emery & Allen (1980) indicated that Eupomacentrus is a synonym of Stegastes, which historically precedes Eupomacentrus Bleeker. Consequently, the criterion followed here was Emery and Allen’s for the genus synonym. For Allen (1991), S. flaviatus is distributed throughout the eastern Pacific. Accordingly, since the identity of these specimens reported by Kähsbauer (1972) should be reviewed, S. flaviatus was not included on the list. On the other hand, Abudefduf saxatilis was classified under the family Labridae by Kähsbauer (1972), even though it belongs to Pomacentridae. Similarly, Stathmonotus sthali tekla was presented as part of the family Labrisomidae by Greenfield & Johnson (1981), although in the latest revision of the genus Stathmonotus conducted by Springer (1955) it was classified under Chaenopsidae. Given that Nelson et al. (2016), Hastings and Springer (2009), and Patzner et al. (2009) included Stathmonotus as part of Chaenopsidae, this was the criterion followed. Six species listed by Randall (1996) were confirmed since it is a recognized source, which makes their identification reliable, even though these species need catalogue records.

Table 1. Genus and species for Honduras with sources and taxonomic status changed and authorities proposing the change followed in this study

Cuadro 1. Género y especies con su fuente para Honduras que han cambiado su estatus taxonómico con la referencia de autoridad que propone el cambio y que se sigue en este estudio

Reported as	Reported by	Current status	Authority reference
Adioryx coruscus	Clifton & Clifton (1998)	Sargocentron coruscum	Matsuura & Shimizu (1982); Randall (1996); Smith-Vaniz et al. (1999); Floeter et al. (2008)
Adioryx vexillarius	Clifton & Clifton (1998)	Sargocentrum vexillarium	Matsuura & Shimizu (1982); Randall (1996); Smith-Vaniz et al. (1999); Floeter et al. (2008)
Alectis crinitus	Clifton & Clifton (1998)	Alectis ciliaris	Nichols (1920); Floeter et al. (2008)
Arcos rubiginosus	Clifton & Clifton (1998)	Acyrtus rubiginosus	Böhlke & Chaplin (1993); Eschmeyer et al. (2019); Froese & Pauly (2019); WoRMS (2019);
Chaetodon aculeatus	Clifton & Clifton (1998)	Prognathodes aculeatus	Burgess (1978); Fessler & Westneat (2007); Littlewood et al. (2004) Nelson et al. (2016)
Elacatinus rubrigenis	Victor (2010)	Tigrigobius rubrigenis	Victor (2014)
Epinephelus cruentatus	Clifton & Clifton (1998)	Cephalopholis cruentata	Craig et al. (2001); Eschmeyer et al. (2019); WoRMS (2019)
Epinephelus fulvus	Clifton & Clifton (1998)	Cephalopholis fulva	Eschmeyer et al. (2019); WoRMS (2019)
Gobiosoma oceanops	Clifton & Clifton (1998)	Elecantinus oceanops	Hoese & Reader (2001)
Gobiosoma xanthiprora	Clifton & Clifton (1998)	Elecantinus xanthiprora	Hoese & Reader (2001)
Halicampus crinitus	Acero (1985)	Micrognathus crinitus	Dawson (1982b)
Heteroconger halis	Clifton & Clifton (1998)	Heteroconger longissimu	Saldanha et al. (1986); Floeter et al. (2008)
Labrisomus albigenys	Greenfield & Johnson (1981); Acero (1985), and Floeter et al. (2008)	Brockius albigenys	Lin & Hastings (2013)
Lactophrys polygonia	Clifton & Clifton (1998)	Acanthostracion polygonius	De Astarloa & Figuero (1995); Smith-Vaniz et al. (1999)
Lactophrys polygonia	Clifton & Clifton (1998)	Acanthostracion polygonius	WoRMS (2019)
Lactophrys quadricornis	Clifton & Clifton (1998)	Acanthostracion quadricornis	De Astarloa & Figuero, (1995); Smith-Vaniz et al. (1999)
Micrognathus ensenadae	Clifton & Clifton (1998)	Micrognathus crinitus	Acero (1985); Dawson (1982b)
Micrognathus tectus	Dawson (1978)	Anarchopterus tectus	Acero (1985); Dawson (1982b)
Priacanthus cruentatus	Clifton & Clifton (1998)	Heteropriacanthus cruentatus	Fitch & Crooke (1984); Starnes (1988)
Rypticus brachyrhinus	Courtenay 1967	Rypticus randalli	Guimarães (1999), WoRMS (2019)
Stathmonotus sthali tekla	Greenfield & Johnson (1981)	Stathmonotus tekla	Hastigs & Springer (2009); Paztner et al. (2009)
Stegastes dorsopunicans	Clifton & Clifton (1998)	Stegastes adustus	Smith-Vaniz et al. (1999)

Table 2. Misspelled families, genera, and species with bibliographic source for Honduras and the authority reference followed in this study

Cuadro 2. Familias, géneros y especies, con su fuente bibliográfica para Honduras, mal escritos y la referencia de la autoridad que se sigue en este estudio

Misspelled	Reported by	Current status	Authority reference
Grammidae	Clifton & Clifton (1998)	Grammatidae	Sheiko (2013); Steykal (1980); Floeter et al. (2008); Nelson (2016)
Liopogramma	Nelson et al. (2016)	Lipogramma	Böhlke (1960)
Chromis cyaneus	Clifton & Clifton (1998)	Chromis cyanea	Smith-Vaniz & Emerit (1980)
Chromis insulatus	Clifton & Clifton (1998)	Chromis insolata	Smith-Vaniz & Emerit (1980)
Chromis multilineatus	Clifton & Clifton (1998)	Chromis multilineata	Smith-Vaniz & Emerit (1980)
Clepticus parrai	Clifton & Clifton (1998)	Clepticus parrae	Eschmeyer et al. (2017)
Haemulon plumieri	Clifton & Clifton (1998); Jaxion-Harm et al. (2012)	Haemulon plumierii	Jaxion-Harm et al. (2012)
Lipogramma regium	Carpenter (2002a)	Lipogramma regia	Robins & Colin (1979)
Lipogramma trilineatum	Carpenter (2002a)	Lipogramma trilineata	Randall (1963)
Scarus iserti	Clifton & Clifton (1998)	Scarus iseri	Eschmeyer et al. (2018)

Even though 412 species (representing 162 genera and 40 families) were initially found from different sources, the list based on catalogue records reflects 159 species (76 genera in 32 families) (Table 3). Five families registered more than five genera, of which four were represented by more than 16 species (42% genera and 51% species). Gobiidae is represented by 10 genera (13%) and 21 species (13%), while Chaenopsidae and Serranidae are represented by 6 genera each and Labrisomidae and Blenniidae by 5. Labrisomidae is the family represented by the most species (27, 17%), followed by Gobiidae (21, 13%), Serranidae (17, 10%), Apogonidae (16, 10%), and Chaenopsidae (10, 6 %). These families represent 42% of genera and 57% of species. However, according to Floeter et al. (2008) Gobiidae and Serranidae are the most speciose families for the entire northwestern Atlantic. Gobiidae has two endemic species: Tigrigobius rubrigenis and Elacatinus lobeli, which are shared with Belize, and Grammatidae has one endemic species, Lipogramma idabeli, representing 1.8% of endemics. The paper also presents the first records for Sphoeroides testudineus (UNAH-CU 0301) and Diodon holocanthus (UNAH-CU 0302), which were collected by G.A. Cruz in 1998 in Cayos Cochinos.

Table 3. List of fish related to coral reefs with catalogued records in the Honduran Caribbean and their current status and selected references, with plus sign the new registers of species

Cuadro 3. Lista de peces asociados a los arrecifes de coral con registros catalogados en el Caribe de Honduras, con su estatus actual y referencias selectas, con signo de más los nuevos registros de especies

No.	Order and family	Genus/species	References
1	PHYLUM CHORDATA Class OSTEICHTHYES Order ANGUILLIFORMES Muraenidae Rafinesque, 1815	Echidna catenata (Bloch, 1795)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Kähsbauer, 1972)
2	Order AULOPIFORMES Synodontidae Gill, 1861	Synodus foetens (Linnaeus, 1766)	(Frable, et al. 2013; Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Anderson et al. 1975)
3		Synodus intermedius (Spix & Agassiz, 1829)	(Frable et al. 2013; Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Anderson et al. 1975)
4	Order HOLOCENTRIFORMES Holocentridae Bonaparte, 1833	Holocentrus adscensionis (Osbeck, 1765)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Kähsbauer, 1972)
5		Sargocentron vexillarium (Poey, 1860)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Randall, 1996)
6	Order BATRACHOIDIFORMES Batrachoididae Jordan, 1896	Porichthys bathoiketes Gilbert, 1968	(Carpenter, 2002a; Gilbert, 1968)
7		Porichthys porosissimus (Cuvier, 1829)	(Gilbert, 1968)
8	Order KURTIFORMES Apogonidae Günther, 1859	Apogon aurolineatus (Mowbray, 1927)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990)
9		Apogon binotatus (Poey, 1867)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990)
10		Apogon lachneri Böhlke, 1959	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990)
11		Apogon maculatus (Poey, 1860)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990)
12		Apogon phenax Böhlke & Randall, 1968	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Randall, 1996; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990)
13		Apogon pillionatus Böhlke & Randall, 1968	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990)
14		Apogon planifrons Longley & Hildebrand, 1940	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990)
15		Apogon pseudomaculatus Longley, 1932	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990)
16		Apogon quadrisquamatus Longley, 1934	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990)
17		Apogon robbyi Gilbert & Tyler, 1997	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Gilbert & Tyler, 1997)
18		Apogon townsendi (Breder, 1927)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990)
19		Astrapogon puncticulatus (Poey, 1867)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990)
20		Astrapogon stellatus (Cope, 1867)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990)
21		Phaeoptyx conklini (Silvester, 1915)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990)
22		Phaeoptyx pigmentaria (Poey, 1860)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990)
23		Phaeoptyx xenus (Böhlke & Randall, 1968)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990)
24	Order GOBIIFORMES Gobiidae Cuvier, 1816	Bollmannia boqueronensis Evermann & Marsh, 1899	(Van Tassell et al. 2012; Floeter et al. 2008; Gilbert, 1971)
25		Chriolepis fisheri Herre, 1942	(Van Tassell, 2011; Dennis et al. 2004)
26		Coryphopterus dicrus Böhlke & Robins, 1960	(Floeter et al. 2008; Greenfield & Johnson, 1999; Clifton & Clifton, 1998)
27		Coryphopterus glaucofraenum Gill, 1863	(Floeter et al. 2008; Greenfield & Johnson, 1999; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Hanlon & Kaufman, 1976)
28		Coryphopterus kuna Victor, 2007	(Victor et al. 2010)
29		Coryphopterus personatus (Jordan & Thompson, 1905)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Hepburn et al. 2005; Greenfield & Johnson, 1999; Clifton & Clifton, 1998)
30		Elacatinus colini Randall & Lobel, 2009	(Victor, 2014; Van Tassell, 2011; Randall & Lobel, 2009)
31		Elacatinus dilepis (Robins & Böhlke, 1964)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Greenfield & Johnson, 1999; Clifton & Clifton, 1998)
32		Elacatinus evelynae (Böhlke & Robins, 1968)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Greenfield & Johnson, 1999)
33		Elacatinus lobeli Randall & Colin, 2009	(Victor, 2014; Van Tassell, 2011; Randall & Colin, 2009)
34		Elacatinus lori Colin, 2002	(Floeter et al. 2008; Taylor & Helber, 2006; Colin, 2002; Victor, 2014)
35		Elacatinus oceanops (Jordan, 1904)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Taylor & Hellber, 2006; Clifton & Clifton, 1998)
36		Gnatholepis thompsoni Jordan, 1904	(Floeter et al. 2008; Greenfield & Johnson, 1999; Clifton & Clifton, 1998)
37		Gobiosoma yucatanum Dawson, 1971	(Floeter et al. 2008; Greenfield & Thomerson, 1997)
38		Lythrypnus crocodilus (Beebe & Tee-Van, 1928)	(Van Tassell, 2011; Floeter et al. 2008; Smith-Vaniz & Böhlke, 1991; Greenfield, 1988)
39		Lythrypnus nesiotes Böhlke & Robins, 1960	(Floeter et al. 2008; Greenfield, 1988)
40		Psilotris alepis Ginsburg, 1953	(Floeter et al. 2008; Greenfield & Johnson, 1999; Greenfield, 1993; Van Tassell, 2011)
41		Psilotris batrachodes Böhlke, 1963	(Floeter et al. 2008; Greenfield 1993; Van Tassell, 2011)
42		Psilotris kaufmani Greenfield Findley & Johnson, 1993	(Floeter et al. 2008; Greenfield 1993; Van Tassell, 2011)
43		Pycnomma roosevelti Ginsburg, 1939	(Floeter et al. 2008; Dennis et al. 2004; Greenfield & Johnson, 1999; Van Tassell, 2011)
44		Tigrigobius rubrigenis Victor, 2010	(Victor, 2014; Victor et al. 2010)
45	Order GOBIIFORMES Subseries Ovalentaria Pomacentridae Bonaparte, 1831	Abudefduf saxatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Capenter, 2002a; Jaxion-Harm et al. 2012; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Kähsbauer, 1972)
46		Chromis insolata (Cuvier, 1830)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Randall, 1996)
47		Stegastes partitus (Poey, 1868)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Hepburn et al. 2009; Clifton & Clifton, 1998)
48		Stegastes fuscus (Cuvier, 1830)	(Kähsbauer, 1972)
49	Opistognathidae Bonaparte, 1835	Opistognathus gilberti Böhlke, 1967	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Randall, 1996)
50		Opistognathus maxillosus Poey, 1860	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Smith-Vaniz, 1997)
51		Opistognathus whitehursti (Longley, 1927)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Smith-Vaniz, 1997)
52	Order BLENNIIFORMES Tripterygiidae Whitley, 1931	Enneanectes altivelis Rosenblatt, 1960	(Victor, 2013; Floeter et al. 2008; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
53		Enneanectes atrorus Rosenblatt, 1960	(Floeter et al. 2008; Greenfield & Johnson 1981)
54		Enneanectes boehlkei Rosenblatt ,1960	(Victor, 2013; Floeter et al. 2008; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
55		Enneanectes jordani (Evermann & Marsh, 1899)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
56		Enneanectes pectoralis (Fowler, 1941)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
57	Dactyloscopidae Gill, 1859	Dactyloscopus poeyi Gill, 1861	(Floeter et al. 2008; Dawson, 1982a)
58		Dactyloscopus tridigitatus Gill, 1859	(Floeter et al. 2008; Dawson, 1982a)
59		Gillellus uranidea Böhlke, 1968	(Dawson, 1982a)
60		Platygillellus rubrocinctus (Longley, 1934)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Dawson, 1982a)
61	Blenniidae Rafinesque, 1810	Entomacrodus nigricans Gill, 1859	(Floeter et al. 2008; Greenfield and Johnson, 1990; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
62		Hypleurochilus aequipinnis (Gunther, 1861)	(Acero 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
63		Hypleurochilus springeri Randall, 1966	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
64		Lupinoblennius dispar Herre, 1942	(Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
65		Ophioblennius atlanticus (Valenciennes, 1836)	(Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
66		Scartella cristata (Linnaeus, 1758)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
67	Labrisomidae Clark Hubbs, 1952	Brockius albigenys (Beebe & Tee-Van, 1928)	(Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
68		Brockius nigricinctus (Howell Rivero, 1936)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
69		Labrisomus bucciferus (Poey, 1868)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
70		Labrisomus gobio (Valenciennes, 1836)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
71		Labrisomus guppyi (Norman, 1922)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
72		Labrisomus haitiensis Beebe & Tee-Van, 1928	(Floeter et al. 2008; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
73		Labrisomus kalisherae (Jordan, 1904)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
74		Labrisomus nuchipinnis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Greenfield and Johnson, 1990; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981; Kähsbauer, 1972)
75		Malacoctenus aurolineatus Smith, 1957	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Greenfield and Johnson, 1990; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
76		Malacoctenus boehlkei Springer, 1959	(Floeter et al. 2008; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
77		Malacoctenus delalandii (Valenciennes, 1836)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
78		Malacoctenus erdmani Smith, 1957	(Floeter et al. 2008; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
79		Malacoctenus gilli (Steindachner, 1867)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
80		Malacoctenus macropus (Poey, 1868)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
81		Malacoctenus triangulatus Springer, 1959	(Floeter et al. 2008; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
82		Paraclinus cingulatus (Evermann & Marsh, 1899)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
83		Paraclinus fasciatus (Steindachner, 1876)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
84		Paraclinus nigripinnis (Steindachner, 1867)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
85		Stathmonotus hemphilli Bean, 1885	(Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
86		Starksia atlantica Longley, 1934	(Floeter et al. 2008; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
87		Starksia elongata Gilbert, 1971	(Floeter et al. 2008; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
88		Starksia hassi Klausewitz, 1958	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Acero, 1985)
89		Starksia lepicoelia Böhlke & Springer, 1961	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
90		Starksia langi Baldwin & Castillo, 2011	(Baldwin et al. 2011)
91		Starksia nanodes Böhlke & Springer, 1961	(Floeter et al. 2008; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
92		Starksia occidentalis Greenfield, 1979	(Floeter et al.2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
93		Starksia starcki Gilbert, 1971	(Floeter et al.,2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
94	Chaenopsidae Gill, 1865	Acanthemblemaria aspera (Longley, 1927)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
95		Acanthemblemaria spinosa Metzelaar, 1919	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
96		Emblemaria hyltoni Johnson & Greenfield, 1976	(Victor, 2010; Floeter et al. 2008; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981; Acero, 1985; Acero, 1984; Johnson & Greenfield, 1976)
97		Emblemariopsis leptocirris Stephens, 1970	(Floeter et al. 2008; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Acero, 1984; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
98		Emblemariopsis pricei Greenfield, 1975	(Victor, 2010; Floeter et al. 2008; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Acero, 1984; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
99		Emblemariopsis signifer (Ginsburg, 1942)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Smith-Vaniz & Bölhke, 1991; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
100		Hemiemblemaria simulus Longley & Hildebrand, 1940	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Greenfield & Johnson, 1990; Acero, 1985; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
101		Lucayablennius zingaro (Böhlke, 1957)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Acero, 1985; Acero, 1984; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
102		Stathmonotus hemphillii Bean, 1885	(Floeter et al. 2008; Robins & Ray, 1986; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
103		Stathmonotus tekla Nichols, 1910	(Floeter et al. 2008; Hardy, 2003; Greenfield & Johnson, 1981)
104	Order GOBIESOCIFORMES Gobiesocidae Bleeker, 1859	Acyrtus rubiginosus (Poey, 1868)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Johnson & Greenfield, 1983)
105		Derilissus kremnobates Fraser, 1970	(Floeter et al. 2008; Fraser, 1970)
106		Gobiesox punctulatus (Poey, 1876)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Johnson & Greenfield, 1983; Smith, 1997)
107		Tomicodon rupestris (Poey, 1860)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Williams & Tyler, 2003)
108	Order CARANGIFORMES Carangidae Rafinesque, 1815	Caranx hippos (Linnaeus, 1766)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Smith -Vaniz & Carpenter, 2007: Smith et al. 2002; Clifton & Clifton, 1998)
109		Caranx latus Agassiz, 1831	(Floeter et al. 2008; Smith et al. 2002; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Kähsbauer, 1972)
110	Order PLEURONECTIFORMES Bothidae Smitt, 1892	Monolene megalepis Woods, 1961	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Woods, 1961)
111		Trichopsetta melasma Anderson& Gutherz, 1967	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Anderson & Gutherz, 1967)
112	Order SYNGNATHIFORMES Syngnathidae Bonaparte 1831	Anarchopterus tectus (Dawson, 1978)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Acero, 1985; Dawson, 1978)
113		Micrognathus crinitus (Jenyns, 1842)	(Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Acero, 1985; Dawson, 1982b)
114		Syngnathus caribbaeus Dawson, 1979	(Dawson, 1982b)
115	Order LABRIFORMES Labridae Cuvier 1816	Bodianus pulchellus (Poey, 1860)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Feddern, 1963)
116		Halichoeres radiatus (Linnaeus, 1758)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Rocha & Rosa, 2001; Humann & DeLoach, 2014)
117	Scaridae Rafinesque 1810	Sparisoma rubripinne (Valenciennes, 1840)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; De Moura et al. 2001; Clifton & Clifton, 1998)
118	Order PERCIFORMES Mullidae Rafinesque 1815	Mulloidichthys martinicus (Cuvier, 1829)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Clifton & Clifton, 1998)
119		Mullus auratus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b)
120		Pseudupeneus maculatus (Bloch, 1793)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Clifton & Clifton, 1998)
121	Kuhliidae Jordan & Evermann 1896	Kuhlia mugil (Foster, 1801)	(Schneider, 1995)
122	Serranidae Swainson 1839	Cephalopholis fulva (Linnaeus, 1758)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Smith, 1971)
123		Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus, 1758)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Smith, 1971)
124		Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes, 1828)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Smith, 1971)
125		Epinephelus striatus (Bloch, 1792)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Randall, 1996; Kähsbauer, 1972; Smith, 1971)
126		Hypoplectrus indigo (Poey, 1851)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Whiteman et al. 2007; Humann & DeLoach, 2014; Domeier, 1994; Goodson & Weisgerber, 1985)
127		Hypoplectrus nigricans (Poey, 1852)	(Puebla et al. 2014; Holt et al. 2011; Floeter et al. 2008; Whiteman, 2007; Carpenter, 2002b)
128		Hypoplectrus puella (Cuvier, 1828)	(Puebla et al. 2014; Holt et al. 2011; Puebla et al. 2009; Floeter et al. 2008; Whiteman, 2007; Carpenter, 2002b)
129		Hypoplectrus unicolor (Walbaum, 1792)	(Puebla et al. 2014; Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Clifton & Clifton, 1998)
130		Mycteroperca bonaci (Poey, 1860)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Smith, 1971)
131		Rypticus bornoi Beebe & Tee-Van, 1928	(Floeter et al. 2008; Guimarães, 1999)
132		Rypticus randalli Courtenay, 1967	(Courtenay, 1967; Guimarães, 1999)
133		Rypticus saponaceus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Guimarães, 1999)
134		Rypticus subbifrenatus Gill, 1861	(Baldwin & Weigt, 2012; Floeter et al. 2008; Guimarães, 1999)
135		Serranus chionaraia Robins & Starck, 1961	(Robins & Starck, 1961)
136		Serranus luciopercanus (Poey, 1852)	(Smith, 1997; Robins & Starck, 1961)
137		Serranus maytagi (Robins & Starck, 1961)	(Smith, 1997; Robins & Starck, 1961)
138		Serranus tortugarum (Longley, 1935)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Robins & Starck, 1961)
139	Chaetodontidae Rafinesque, 1815	Prognathodes aculeatus (Poey, 1860)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Hubbs, 1963)
140	Haemulidae Gill, 1885	Haemulon aurolineatum Cuvier, 1830	(Jaxion-Harm et al. 2012; Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Courtenay, 1961)
141		Haemulon bonariense Cuvier, 1830	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002; Courtenay, 1961)
142		Haemulon flavolineatum (Desmarest, 1832)	(Jaxion-Harm et al. 2012; Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Courtenay, 1961)
143		Haemulon plumierii (Lacepede, 1801)	(Jaxion-Harm et al. 2012; Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Kähsbauer, 1972)
144		Haemulon sciurus (Shaw, 1803)	(Jaxion-Harm et al., 2012; Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Humann & DeLoach, 2014; Courtenay, 1961)
145	Grammatidae Jordan, 1887	Lipogramma idabeli Tornabene, Robertson & Baldwin, 2018	(Tornabene et al. 2018)
146	Lutjanidae Gill, 1861	Lutjanus apodus (Walbaum, 1792)	(Jaxion-Harm et al. 2012; Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Kähsbauer, 1972)
147	Order SCORPAENIFORMES Scorpaenidae Risso, 1827	Pontinus nematophthalmus (Gunther, 1860)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Eschmeyer, 1969)
148		Scorpaena agassizii Goode & Bean, 1896	(Eschmeyer, 1965)
149		Scorpaena grandicornis Cuvier, 1829	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Eschmeyer, 1965)
150	Order ACANTHURIFORMES Acanthuridae Bonaparte, 1835	Acanthurus chirurgus (Bloch, 1787)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Randall, 1996)
151		Acanthurus coeruleus Bloch & Schneider, 1801	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002a; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Randall, 1996)
152	Order TETRAODONTIFORMES Ostraciidae Rafinesque, 1810	Acanthostracion polygonius Poey, 1876	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Tyler, 1965a, Tyler, 1965b)
153	Monacanthidae Nardo, 1843	Cantherhines pullus (Ranzani, 1842)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Carpenter, 2002b; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Randall, 1964)
154	Tetraodontidae Bonaparte, 1831	Sphoeroides greeleyi Gilbert, 1900	(Figueiredo & Menezes, 2000)
155		Sphoeroides testudineus (Linnaeus, 1758) (+)	Code: MHN-CU 0301, actual paper
156		Sphoeroides yergeri Shipp, 1972	(Shipp, 1972)
157	Diodontidae Bonaparte, 1835	Chilomycterus antennatus (Cuvier, 1816)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Clifton & Clifton, 1998; Randall, 1996)
158		Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758)	(Floeter et al. 2008; Eschmeyer et al. 1983)
159		Diodon holocanthus (+) Linnaeus, 1758	(Floeter et al. 2008; Clifton & Clifton, 1998). Code: MHN-CU 0302, actual paper

DISCUSSION

Only 38% of the species, 46% of the genera, and 80% of the families mentioned in the literature were confirmed. This is not surprising. Floeter et al. (2008) only found 40 out of 48 families reported by Thresher (1991) and Bellwood (1996). Any occurrence mentioned in secondary sources regarding Honduras is based on a possible presence, if the species is reported in reefs of neighboring countries.

CONCLUSIONS

Most of the catalogued species (17%) belong to Labrisomidae, while most of the genera (13%) belong to Gobiidae, including two endemic species: T. rubrigenis and E. lobeli. Results show that from the 412 species, 162 genera, and 40 families believed to inhabit the reefs of Honduras, only 159 species, 76 genera, and 32 families are actually registered. The numbers obtained from secondary sources and databases could overestimate the diversity of species in Honduras. This review could also underestimate the number of species since it is not based on systematic fieldwork. Therefore, systematic sampling focused on the collection of samples for morphological and molecular records is necessary to fully document the diversity of this group of fish in Honduras.

ACKNOWLEGMENTS

We would like to thank Philip A. Hastings (University of California, San Diego) and Patrick Moldowan (University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada) for their assistance and Brandon People (Clemson University, South Carolina) for editing this manuscript. We also thank REVMAR’s evaluation committee, and the Journal’s editor, Nidya Nova-Bustos, and translator, Elieth Salazar-Alpízar for their contributions.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Acero, A. (1984). The Chaenopsine blennies of the Southwestern Caribbean (Pisces: Clinidae: Chaenopsinae) I. Systematic analysis and zoogeography. An. Inst. Inv. Mar. Punta Betin, 14, 29-46.

Acero, A. (1985). Zoogeographical implications of the distribution of selected families of Caribbean coral reef fishes. Proc. Fifth Intern. Coral Reef Congress, 5, 433-438.

Allen, G. R. (1991). Damselfishes of the world. Melle Germany. Aquarium Systems. Mentor, Ohio, EE. UU.: Mergus Publishers.

Anderson, W. W., Gehringer, J. W. & Berry, F. H. (1975). The correlation between numbers of vertebrae and lateral-line scales in western Atlantic lizardfishes (Synodontidae). Fish. Bull., 73, 202-206.

Anderson, W. W. & Gutherz, E. J. (1967). Revision of the flatfish genus Trichopsetta (Bothidae) with descriptions of three new species. Bull. Mar. Sci., 17(4), 892-913.

Baldwin, C. C., Castillo, C. I. & Weigt, L. A. (2011). Seven new species within Western Atlantic Starksia atlantica, S. lepicoelia, and S. sluiteri (Teleostei, Labrisomidae), with comments on congruence of DNA barcodes and species. ZooKeys, 79, 1-21. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.79.1045

Baldwin, C. C. & Weigt, L. A. (2012). A new species of soapfish (Teleostei: Serranidae: Rypticus), with redescription of R. subbifrenatus and comments on the use of DNA barcoding in systematic studies. Copeia, 1, 23-36. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1643/CG-11-035

Bellwood, D. R. (1996). The Eocene fishes of Monte Bolca: the earliest coral reef fish assemblage. Coral Reefs, 15(1), 11-19.

Bellwood, D. R. (1998). What are reef fishes? Comment on the report by Dr. Robertson: Do coral reef fish faunas have a distinctive taxonomic structure? Coral Reefs, 17(2), 187-189. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s003380050114

Bellwood, D. R. & Wainwright, P. C. (2002). The history and biogeography of fishes on coral reefs. In P. S. Sale (Ed.), Coral Reef Fishes: dynamic and diversity in a complex ecosystem (pp. 5-32). San Diego, USA: Elsevier. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012615185-5/50003-7

Böhlke, J. E. (1957). A Review of the Blenny genus Chaenopsis, and the description of a related new genus from the Bahamas. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia., 109, 81- 103.

Böhlke, J. E. (1958). Substitute names for Nystactes Böhlke and Lucaya Böhlke, Preoccupied. Copeia, 1, 59.

Böhlke, J. E. & Randall, J. E. (1963). The fishes of the Western Atlantic serranoid genus Gramma. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 115, 33-52.

Böhlke, J. E. & Chaplin, C. C. (1993). Fishes of the Bahamas and adjacent tropical waters. Austin, USA: University of Texas Press.

Burgess, W. E. (1978). Butterflyfishes of the World: a monograph of the family Chaetodontidae. New Jersey, EE. UU.: TFH Publications, Inc.

Carpenter, K. E. (2002a). FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes and American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 5. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Volume 2: Bony fishes part 1 (Acipenseridae to Grammatidae). Rome, Italy: FAO.

Carpenter, K. E. (2002b). FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes and American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 5. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Volume 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. Rome, Italy: FAO.

Clifton, K. E. & Clifton, L. M. (1998). A survey of fishes from various coral reef habitats within the Cayos Cochinos Marine Reserve, Honduras. Rev. Bio. Trop., 46(Supl. 3), 109-124.

Colin, P. L. (1974). Observation and collection of deep-reef fishes off the coasts of Jamaica and British Honduras (Belize). Mar. Biol., 24(1), 29-38.

Colin, L. (2002). A new species of sponge-dwelling Elacatinus (Pisces: Gobiidae) from the western Caribbean. Zootaxa, 106(1), 1-7.

Courtenay, W. R. (1961). Western Atlantic fishes of the genus Haemulon (Pomadasyidae): systematic status and juvenile pigmentation. Bull. Mar. Sci., 11(1), 66-149.

Courtenay, W. R. (1967). Atlantic Fishes of the Genus Rypticus (Grammistidae). Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 119, 241-293.

Craig, M. T., Pondella, D. J., Franck, J. P. C. & Hafner, J. C. (2001). On the status of the serranid fish genus Epinephelus: evidence for paraphyly based upon 16S rDNA sequence. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 19(19), 121-130.

Dawson, C. E. (1978). Micrognathus vittatus (Kaup), a Junior Synonym of M. crinitus (Jenyns), with Description of the Insular Pipefish, M. tectus, New Sp. Copeia, 1, 13-16.

Dawson, C. E. (1982a). Atlantic sand stargazers (Pisces: Dactyloscopidae), with description of one new genus and seven new species. Bull. Mar. Sci., 32(1), 14-85.

Dawson, C. E. (1982b). Family Syngnathidae. In J. E. Böhlke et al. (Eds.), Fishes of the Western North Atlantic, Part 8. Gasterosteiformes, Syngnathoidei (pp 1-172), Memoir 1. New Haven, Connecticut, EE. UU.: Sears Foundation for Marine Research.

De Astarloa, J. M. D. & Figueroa E. D. (1995). Scrawled cowfish, Acanthostracion quadricornis (Tetraodontiformes: Ostraciidae), collected from Argentine waters. Jpn. J. Ichthyol., 41(4), 466-468.

De Moura, R. L., de Figueiredo, J. L. & Sazima, I. (2001). A new parrot fish (Scaridae) from Brazil, and revalidation of Sparisoma amplum (Ranzani, 1842), Sparisoma frondosum (Agassiz, 1831), Sparisoma axillare (Steindachner, 1878) and Scarus trispinosus (Valenciennes, 1840). Bull. Mar. Sci., 68(3), 505-524.

Dennis, G. D., Hensley, D. A., Collin, P. L. & Kimmel, J. J. (2004). New records of marine fishes from the Puerto Rican Plateau. Caribb. J. Sci., 40, 70-87.

Domeier, M. L. (1994). Speciation in the serranid fish Hypoplectrus. Bull. Mar. Sci., 54(1), 103-141.

Emery, A. R. & Allen, G. R. (1980). Stegastes; A senior synonym for the damselfish genus Eupomacentrus; Osteological and other evidence, with comments on other genera. Rec. West. Aust. Mus, 8(29), 199-206.

Eschmeyer, W. N. (1965). Western Atlantic scorpionfishes of the genus Scorpaena, including four new species. Bull. Mar. Sci., 15(1), 84-164.

Eschmeyer, W. N. (1969). A systematic review of the scorpionfishes of the Atlantic ocean (Pisces: Scorpaenidae). Occas. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., 79, 1-143.

Eschmeyer, W. N., Fricke, R. & van der Laan, R. (2019, Eds). Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Retrieved on May 2nd, 2019 from http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp

Feddern, H. A. (1963). Color pattern changes during growth of Bodianus pulchellus and B. rufus (Pisces: Labridae). Bull. Mar. Sci., 13(2), 224-241.

Fessler, J. L. & Westneat, M. W. (2007). Molecular phylogenetics of the butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae): taxonomy and biogeography of a global coral reef fish family. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 45(1), 50-68.

Figueiredo, J. L. & Menezes, N. (2000). Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. VI.Teleostei (5). Brazil: Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo.

Fitch, J. E. & Crooke, S. J. (1984). Revision of Eastern Pacific catalufas (Pisces: Priacanthidae) with description of a new genus and discussion of the fossil record. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci, 43(19), 301- 315.

Floeter, S. R., Rocha, L. A., Robertson, D. R., Joyeux, J. C., Smith-Vaniz, W. F., Wirtz, P. & Brito, A. (2008). Atlantic reef fish biogeography and evolution. J. Biogeogr., 35(1), 22- 47.

Fourriére, M., Alvarado, J. J., Bocos, A. A. & Cortés, J. (2016). Updated checklist and analysis of completeness of marine fish fauna of Isla del Coco, Pacific of Costa Rica. Marine Biodiversity., 47(3), 813-821. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12526-016-0501-6

Frable, B. W., Baldwin, C. C., Luther, B. M. & Weigt, L. A. (2013). A new species of Western Atlantic lizardfish (Teleostei: Synodontidae: Synodus) and resurrection of Synodus bondi Fowler, 1939, as a valid species from the Caribbean with redescriptions of S. bondi, S. foetens (Linnaeus, 1766), and S. intermedius (Agassiz, 1829). Fish. Bull., 111, 122-146.

Fraser, T. H. (1970). Two new species of the clingfish genus Derilissus (Gobiesocidae) from the Western Atlantic. Copeia, 1, 38-42.

Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (2019, Eds.). FishBase. Retrieved on June 28th, 2019 from https://www.fishbase.org/

Galván-Villa, C. M., Ríos-Jara, E., Bastida-Izaguirre, D., Hastings, P. H. & Balart, E. F. (2016). Annotated checklist of marine fishes from the Sanctuary of Bahía Chamela, Mexico with occurrence and biogeographic data. ZooKeys, 554, 139-157. https://doi.org/10.3897/ zookeys.554.6106

Gilbert, C. R. (1968). Western Atlantic batrachoid fishes of the genus Porichthys, including three new species. Bull. Mar. Sci., 18(3), 671-730.

Gilbert, C. R. (1971). Two new genera and species of Western Atlantic gobiid fishes with vomerine teeth. Copeia, 4, 27-38.

Gilbert, C. R. & Tyler, J. C. (1997). Apogon robbyi, a new cardinalfish (Perciformes: Apogonidae) from the Caribbean Sea. Bull. Mar. Sci., 60(3), 764-781.

Goodson, G. & Weisgerber, P. J. (1985). Fishes of the Atlantic Coast: Canada to Brazil, Including the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, Bermuda, the Bahamas, and the Caribbean. Stanford, California, EE. UU.: Stanford University Press.

Gotelli, N. J. & Colwell, R. K. (2001). Quantifying biodiversity: procedures and pitfalls in the measurement and comparison of species richness. Ecol. Lett., 4, 379-391. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2001.00230.x

Greenfield, D. W. (1988). A review of the Lythrypnus mowbrayi complex (Pisces: Gobiidae), with the description of a new species. Copeia, 2, 460-470.

Greenfield, D. W. (1993). New goby, Psilotris boehlkei (Pisces: Gobiidae), from the Western Atlantic, with a key to the species. Copeia, 3, 771-775.

Greenfield, D. W. & Johnson, R. K. (1981). The Blennioid fishes of Belize and Honduras, Central America, with comments on their systematics, ecology, and distribution (Blennidae, Chaenopsidae, Labrisomidae, Tripterygiidae). Fieldiana Zool., 8, 1-132.

Greenfield, D. W. & Johnson, R. K. (1990). Heterogeneity in habitat choice in cardinalfish community structure. Copeia, 4, 1107-1114.

Greenfield, D. W. & Johnson, R. K. (1999). Assemblage structure and habitat associations of western Caribbean gobies (Teleostei: Gobiidae). Copeia, 2, 251-266.

Greenfield, D. W. & Thomerson, J. E. (1997). Fishes of the continental waters of Belize. Florida, USA: University Press of Florida.

Guimarães, Z. P. (1999). Revision, phylogeny and comments on biogeography of soapfishes of the genus Rypticus (Teleostei: Serranidae). Bull. Mar. Sci., 65(2), 337-379.

Hanlon, R. T. & Kaufman, L. (1976). Associations of seven West Indian reef fishes with sea anemones. Bull. Mar. Sci., 26(2), 225-232.

Hardy, J. D. Jr. (2003). Coral reef fish species. Washington, USA: NOAA/National Oceanographic Data Center.

Hastings, P. A. & Springer, V. G. (2009). Recognizing diversity in blennioid fish nomenclature (Teleostei: Blennioidei). Zootaxa, 2120(1), 3-14.

Hepburn, R. I., Mottillo, E. P., Bentzen, P. & Heath, D. D. (2005). Polymorphic microsatellite loci for the masked goby, Coryphopterus personatus (Gobiidae). Conser. Genet., 6(6), 1059-1062.

Hepburn, R. I., Sale, P. F., Dixon, B. & Heath, D. D. (2009). Genetic structure of juvenile cohorts of bicolor damselfish (Stegastes partitus) along the Mesoamerican barrier reef: chaos through time. Coral Reefs, 28(1), 277-288.

Holt, B. G., Côté, I. M. & Emerson, B. C. (2011). Searching for speciation genes: molecular evidence for selection associated with colour morphotypes in the Caribbean reef fish genus Hypoplectrus. PloS One, 6(6), E20394.

Hoese, D. F. & Reader, S. A. (2001). Preliminary review of the Eastern Pacific species of Elacatinus (Perciformes: Gobiidae). Rev. Biol. Trop, 49(Supl. 1), 157-167.

Hubbs, C. L. (1963). Chaetodon aya and related deep-living butterflyfishes: their variation, distribution and synonymy. Bull. Mar. Sci., 13(1), 133-192.

Humann, P. & DeLoach, N. (2014). Reef fish identification: Florida, Caribbean, Bahamas. (4th Ed.). Jacksonville, Florida, USA: New World Publications.

Jaxion-Harm, J., Saunders, J. & Speight, M. R. (2012). Distribution of fish in seagrass, mangroves and coral reefs: life-stage dependent habitat use in Honduras. Rev. Biol. Trop., 60(2), 683-698.

Johnson, R. K. & Greenfield, D. W. (1976). A new chaenopsid fish, Emblemaria hyltoni, from Isla Roatan, Honduras. Fieldiana Zool., 70, 13-28.

Johnson, R. K. & Greenfield, D. W. (1983). Clingfishes (Gobiesocidae) from Belize and Honduras, Central America, with redescription of Gobiesox barbatulus Starks. Northeast Gulf Sci., 6(1), 33-49.

Kähsbauer, P. (1972). Beitrag zur Kenntnis der marinen Fischfauna von Centralamerika. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 76, 715-731.

Lin, H-C. & Hastings, P. A. (2013). Phylogeny and biogeography of a shallow water fish clade (Teleostei: Blenniiformes). BMC Evol. Biol., 13(1), 210.

Littlewood, D. T. J., McDonald, S. M., Gill, A. C. & Cribbb, T. H. (2004). Molecular phylogenetics of Chaetodon and the Chaetodontidae (Teleostei: Perciformes) with reference to morphology. Zootaxa, 779(1), 1-20.

Magurran, A. E. (1988). Ecological diversity and its measurement. Princeton, New Jersey, EE. UU.: Princeton University Press.

Matsuura, K. & Shimizu, T. (1982). The squirrelfishes Genus Adioryx, a Junior synonym of Sargocentron. Jpn. J. Ichthyol., 29(1), 93-94.

Nelson, J. S., Grande, T. C. & Wilson, M. V. (2016). Fishes of the World. (5th Ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Nichols, J. T, (1920). Hynnis and Alectis in the American Museum of Natural History. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 42(4), 285-293.

Patzner, R. A., Hastings, P. A., Springer, V. G., Wirtz, P. & Gonçalves, E. J. (2009). List of Valid Species of Blennies. In R. A. Patzner, E. J. Gonçalves, P. A. Hastin & B. G. Kapoor (Eds.), The Biology of Blennies (pp. 443-473). Enfield, New Hampshire, USA: Science Publishers.

Puebla, O., Bermingham, E. & Guichard, F. (2009). Estimating dispersal from genetic isolation by distance in a coral reef fish (Hypoplectrus puella). Ecology, 90(11), 3087-3098.

Puebla, O., Bermingham, E. & McMillan, W. O. (2014). Genomic atolls of differentiation in coral reef fishes (Hypoplectrus spp., Serranidae). Mol. Ecol., 23(21), 5291-5303.

Randall, J. E. (1963). Three new species and six new records of small serranoid fishes from Curaçao and Puerto Rico. Studies on the fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands, 19(1), 77-113.

Randall, J. E. (1964). A revision of the Filefish genera Amanses and Cantherhines. Copeia, 2, 331-361.

Randall, J. E. (1966). The West Indian blenniid fishes of the genus Hypleurochilus, with the description of a new species. P. Biol. Soc. Wash., 79, 57-72.

Randall, J. E. (1996). Caribbean Reef Fishes. (3rd Ed.). Revised and enlarged. New York, USA: TFH Publications Inc.

Randall, J. E. & Colin, P. L. (2009). Elacatinus lobeli, a new cleaning goby from Belize and Honduras. Zootaxa, 2173, 31-40.

Randall, J. E. & Lobel, P. S. (2009). A literature review of the sponge-dwelling gobiid fishes of the genus Elacatinus from the Western Atlantic, with description of two new Caribbean species. Zootaxa, 2133, 1-19.

Robertson, D. R. & Van Tassell, J. (2019). Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean: online information system. Retrieved on June 28th, 2019 from http://biogeodb.stri.si.edu/

Robins, C. R. & Colins, P. L. (1979). Three new Grammid Fishes from the Caribbean Sea. Bull. Mar. Scie., 29(1), 41-52.

Robins, C. R. & Starck, W. A. (1961). Materials for a revision of Serranus and related fish genera. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 113, 259-314.

Robins, C. R. & Ray, G. C. (1986). A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Boston, USA: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Rocha, L. A. (2003). Patterns of distribution and processes of speciation in Brazilian reef fishes. J. Biogeog., 30, 1161-1171.

Rocha, L. A. & Rosa, R. S. (2001). Halichoeres brasiliensis (Bloch, 1791), a valid wrasse species (Teleostei: Labridae) from Brazil, with notes on the Caribbean species Halichoeres radiatus (Linnaeus, 1758). Aqua, 4(4), 161-166.

Saldanha, L., Maul, G. E., Biscoito, M. & Andrade, F. (1986). On the identity of Heteroconger longissimus Günther 1870 and Heteroconger halis (Böhlke 1957) (Pisces: Congridae). Bocagiana (Funchal), 104, 1-17.

Sheiko, B. A. (2013). On family-group names of extant and fish-like vertebrates of the World. Explorations of the fauna of the seas. St. Petersburg: Zoological Institute RAS, 74(82), 1-204.

Shipp, R. L. (1972). Three new pufferfishes (Tetraodontidae: Sphoeroides) from the Southern Caribbean. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 124, 129-134.

Smith, C. L. (1971). A revision of the American groupers: Epinephelus and allied genera. Bull. Ame. Mus. Nat. Hist., 146(2), 1-180.

Smith, C. L. (1997). National audubon society field guide to tropical marine fishes Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, Florida, Bahamas, Bermuda. (1st Ed.). New York, USA: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.

Smith-Vaniz, W. F. (1997). Five new species of jawfishes (Opistognathus: Opistognathidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. Bull. Mar. Sci., 60(3), 1074-1128.

Smith-Vaniz, W. F. & Emery, A. R. (1980). Redescription and synonymy of the Western Atlantic damselfish Chromis flavicauda (Günther). Bull. Mar. Sci., 30 (1), 204-212.

Smith-Vaniz, W. F. & Böhlke, E. B. (1991). Additions to the Ichthyofauna of the Bahama Islands, with Comments on Endemic Species. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 143, 193-206.

Smith-Vaniz, W. F., Collette, B. B. & Luckhurst, B. B. (1999). Fishes of Bermuda: history, zoogeography, annotated checklist, and identification keys. Lawrence, KS, USA: American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists.

Springer, V. G. (1955). The taxonomic status of the fishes of the genus Stathmonotus, including a review of the Atlantic species. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribbean, 5(1), 66-80.

Starck, W. A. & Colin, P. L. (1978). Gramma linki: a new species of grammid fish from the tropical western Atlantic. Bull. Mar. Sci., 28(1), 146-152.

Starnes, W. C. (1988). Revision, phylogeny and biogeographic comments on the circumtropical marine percoid fish family Priacanthidae. Bull. Mar. Sci., 43(2), 117-203.

Stephens, J. S. (1961). A description of a new genus and two new species of Chaenopsid Blennies from the Western Atlantic. Notulae Naturae, 349, 1-8.

Steykal, G. C. (1980). The grammar of family-group names as exemplified by those of fishes. P. Biol. Soc. Wash., 93, 168-177.

Taylor, M. S. & Hellberg, M. E. (2006). Comparative phylogeography in a genus of coral reef fishes: biogeographic and genetic concordance in the Caribbean. Mol. Ecol., 15(3), 695-707.

Thresher, R. E. (1991). Geographic variability in the ecology of coral reef fishes: evidence, evolution, and possible implications. In P. F. Sale (Ed.), The Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs (pp. 401-436). San Diego, California, USA: Academic Press Inc.

Tornabene, L., Robertson, D. R. & Baldwin, C. C. (2018). A new species of Lipogramma from deep reefs of Roatan, Honduras (Teleostei, Grammatidae). ZooKeys, 809, 1-79.

Tyler, J. C. (1965a). The trunkfish genus Acanthostracion (Ostraciontidae, Plectognathi) in the Western Atlantic: two species rather than one. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1-18.

Tyler, J. C. (1965b). A synopsis of the four species of cowfishes (Acanthostracion, Plectognathi) in the Atlantic Ocean. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 261-287.

Van Tassell, J. L. (2011). Gobiiformes of the Americas. In R. A. Patzner, P. A. Gonçalves, P. A. Hastin & B. G. Kapoor (Eds.), The Biology of Blennies (pp. 139-176). Enfield, New Hampshire, EE. UU.: Science Publisher.

Van Tassell, J. L., Tornabene, L. & Colin, P. L. (2012). Review of the Western Atlantic species of Bollmannia (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Gobiosomatini) with the description of a new allied genus and species. Aqua, 18(2), 61-95.

Victor, B. C. (2010). The Redcheek Paradox: the mismatch between genetic and phenotypic divergence among deeply-divided mtDNA lineages in a coral-reef goby, with the description of two new cryptic species from the Caribbean Sea. J. Ocean Sci. Found., 3, 1-16.

Victor, B. C. (2013). The Caribbean roughhead triplefin (Enneanectes boehlkei): DNA barcoding reveals a complex of four West Indian sympatric cryptic species (Teleostei: Blennioidei: Tripterygiidae). J. Ocean Sci. Found., 7, 44-72.

Victor, B. C. (2014). Three new endemic cryptic species revealed by DNA barcoding of the gobies of the Cayman Islands (Teleostei: Gobiidae). J. Ocean Sci. Found., 15, 25-60.

Victor, B. C., Vásquez-Yeomans, L., Valdez-Moreno, M. M., Wilk, L., Jones, D. L., Lara, M. R., Caldow, C. & Shivji, M. (2010). The larval, juvenile, and adult stages of the Caribbean goby, Coryphopterus kuna (Teleostei: Gobiidae): a reef fish with a pelagic larval duration longer than the post-settlement lifespan. Zootaxa, 2346, 53-61.

Whiteman, E. A., Côté, I. M. & Reynolds, J. D. (2007). Ecological differences between hamlet (Hypoplectrus: Serranidae) colour morphs: between-morph variation in diet. J. Fish. Biol., 71(1), 235-244.

Williams, J. T. & Tyler, J. C. (2003). Revision of the Western Atlantic clingfishes of the genus Tomicodon (Gobiesocidae), with descriptions of five new species. Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 621, 1-26.

Woods, L. P. (1961). A new species of flatfish, Monolene megalepis, from Puerto Rico and the Western Caribbean Sea. Copeia, 2, 192-195.

WoRMS Editorial Board. (2019). World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved on June 28th, 2019 from http://www.marinespecies.org.

---