Artículo de Revisión/ Review Article Teorías y modelos aplicados al estudio de la conducta del pescador: implicaciones en procesos de gestión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/revmar.9-1.4Palabras clave:
Conducta del pescador, gobernanza, manejo, modelos, sistemas socioecológicosResumen
En el proceso de toma de decisiones para el manejo de pesquerías se ha incrementado la atención en considerar aspectos de la dimensión humana de la pesca adicionalmente a la dimensión ecológica. En la dimensión humana, el componente de dinámica de flotas pesqueras se ha analizado a través de modelos y teorías que han dado más énfasis al comportamiento de embarcaciones y menor atención al comportamiento del pescador como individuo o grupos de individuos. La presente revisión de literatura se enfoca en estudios que han analizado aspectos de la conducta del pescador mediante teorías y modelos que logran explicar y predecir su comportamiento. Se encontró que los motivadores económicos per se no logran explicar la complejidad del proceso de toma de decisiones del pescador, más bien una gran cantidad de aspectos no monetarios están implícitos en las elecciones que hacen los pescadores en el corto y largo plazos. Modelos que incorporan información de distintas disciplinas y enfoques transdisciplinarios logran explicar mejor las decisiones del pescador asociadas al esfuerzo, incentivos económicos, capturas, regulaciones, aspectos de su cultura, forma de vida, estrategias de sobrevivencia, satisfacción laboral y percepción del bienestar. A partir de esta revisión de literatura se propone un marco conceptual de manejo socioecológico para integrar las motivaciones de la conducta de los pescadores y la relación con los ecosistemas de los cuales estos dependen.Referencias
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