Variação espacial e temporal da comunidade de mesobentos sublitorânea da costa central da Venezuela
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/revmar.12-2.5Palavras-chave:
ecologia marítima, estrutura comunitária, mar do Caribe, mesobentos, mesofaunaResumo
Os mesobentos são uma comunidade que habita nos sedimentos, tem uma variedade de grupos taxonômicos com tamanhos entre 63 e 500 µm. Representam um vínculo de matéria e energia entre os produtores primários e a macrofauna, com outras funções para o ecossistema. Na Venezuela, este grupo tem sido escassamente estudado e, por essa razão foi proposta a análise das variações espaciais e temporais da composição e abundância de mesobentos sublitorâneos na zona costeira central do país. As amostragens foram realizadas mensalmente, desde junho de 2014 a março de 2015. Em cada campanha de amostragem foram estabelecidas 12 estações aleatórias e em cada uma delas obtidas 3 amostras com a utilização de um dispositivo cilíndrico de 5 cm de diâmetro interno. A identificação e a contagem dos organismos foram realizadas com microscópio. Para a análise dos resultados, foram realizados testes de hipóteses (ANOSIM) e análises multivariadas (SIMPER, nMDS). A mesofauna mostrou uma riqueza de 164 morfotipos e 14 filos, com predominância de copépodes planctônicos e foraminíferos, seguidos de cnidários e moluscos. Dessas espécies, 84 eram estritamente bentônicas. Quanto à abundância, houve maior representação de foraminíferos, seguido de nematoides e moluscos, com valores superiores aos relatados nas áreas tropicais. No que se refere ao espaço, não foram encontradas diferenças na composição e abundância desta comunidade. Entretanto, temporariamente, foram encontrados dois máximos, um iniciado em junho, que alcançou as densidades máximas entre agosto e outubro, e o segundo em fevereiro.
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