China y la (no) promoción de la autocracia: Aportes al debate sobre democracia y autoritarismo en el orden internacional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/ri.93-2.5Palabras clave:
China, promoción de la autocracia, democracia, autoritarismoResumen
Actualmente no existe consenso con respecto a las razones que explican la tercera ola de autocratización. Sin embargo, las explicaciones que priorizan factores internacionales para comprender fenómenos domésticos son cada vez más relevantes y difíciles de evitar. La bibliografía que se centra en cómo aspectos externos impactan en regímenes domésticos incluye trabajos clásicos, que han observado el rol de los organismos internacionales e investigaciones más recientes que consideran el rol de poderes regionales autocráticos. Por las características de su régimen, China no ha escapado a la literatura sobre promoción de autocracia. Pese a ello hay poca evidencia de que China afecte o tenga la intención de modificar la organización política interna de otros países. El objetivo de este artículo es debatir sobre el rol de China como posible (o no) promotor y difusor de autocracia. Para ello se realizará un análisis crítico de textos sobre esta temática y de las investigaciones que se han centrado en China. El análisis de este caso permitirá observar las complejidades del debate sobre promoción de autocracia y los mecanismos causales mediante los cuales los actores internacionales podrían incidir en un cambio de régimen político. Con base en el estudio sobre China se propone un marco para una compresión más precisa e integral sobre cómo los factores externos pueden influir sobre la tercera ola de autocratización.
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