Racismo indígena en la escuela. Hacia un estado del arte

Abstract

Racism is a social and historical matrix made up of discriminatory practices, prejudiced attitudes, stereotyped representations, feelings of contempt, and forms of physical and symbolic violence. It is a system of hierarchies built because of social origin, skin color, descent or national origin, indigenous status, and religion. There are as many racisms as there are groups that need to justify their superiority and the exercise of relations of domination. One of the most serious consequences is inequality in access to fundamental rights such as education, health, employment, and housing. This article proposes to elaborate a state of the art on the manifestations of indigenous racism in the school environment. Academic productions of theoretical and empirical base framed in a socio-educational perspective developed by national and international organizations, by research teams from universities or specialized institutes and postgraduate theses are recovered and systematized. Systematized studies focus on the various expressions of indigenous racism in schools, particularly in institutional practices, in daily interactions, and in the curriculum. They note the effects of this phenomenon on feelings of shame and fear, on prolonged and interrupted educational trajectories, and on processes of exclusion and self-exclusion.