Functional Education as a Nexus between Agricultural and Industrial Revolution: An Epidemiological Modeling Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/ru.37-1.12Keywords:
education, revolution, model, equilibrium points, expenditure, corruption, simulationAbstract
Education has been regarded as a major route to economic prosperity. Its potentials, if properly exploited, have the tendency to revolutionize a nation’s productivity, income, and development. [Objetive] In this work, a mathematical model was formulated, and an epidemiological modeling approach was explored to derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for agricultural and industrial transformation in Nigeria in terms of education. The use of mathematics to quantify such a phenomenon is relatively new. [Methodology] Ample mathematics theorems were employed to test for the existence, boundedness, and positivity of the model’s solutions which are basic features of a valid epidemiological model. The model was solved to derive the equilibrium points, and the analytic threshold that governed revolution in industry and agriculture in terms of education was derived. Stability and sensitivity analyses were conducted via the stability theory of nonlinear differential equations and normalized forward sensitivity index, respectively. Simulations were later conducted using the Maple software to validate the analytical results. [Results] A government expenditure of 25% on education with or without corruption did not make education functional. Also, an increase in expenditure on education to 65% but with corruption of more than 30% retarded functional education. In general, education became functional when government investment in education attained 60%, with corruption levels lower than 20%. [Conclusions] Both the analytical and numerical results linked agricultural transformation and industrial revolution through functional education to massive investment in education and victory over corruption.
References
Adenomon, M., & Oyejola, B. A. (2013). Impact of agriculture and industrialization on GDP in Nigeria: evidence from VAR and SVAR models. International Journal of Analysis and Application, 1(1), 40-78. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/75268/
Adenuga, J. I., Ajide, K. B., Odeleye, A. T., & Ayoade, A. A. (2021). Abundant natural resources, ethnic diversity and inclusive growth in sub-Saharan Africa: a mathematical approach. Application and Applied Mathematics, 16(2), 1221-1247.
Agarwal, H., & Agarwal, R. (2017). First industrial revolution and second industrial revolution: technological differences and the differences in banking and financing of the firms. Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(11A), 1062-1066.
Ayoade A. A., Folaranmi R., & Latunde T. (2020b). Mathematical analysis of the implication of the proposed rise in the retirement age on the unemployment situation in Nigeria. Athens Journal of Sciences, 7(1), 29-42. https://doi.org/10.30958/ajs.7-1-3
Ayoade, A. A. & Aliu, O. (2022b). COVID-19 outbreak and mitigation by movement restrictions: a mathematical assessment of economic impact on Nigerian households. Journal of Quality Measurement and Analysis, 18(2), 29-44.
Ayoade, A. A. & Farayola, P. I. (2022c). A mathematical model to address out-of-school children menace for actualisation of sustainable development in Nigeria. Journal of Science and Arts, 22(3), 677-692.
Ayoade, A. A., & Agboola, S. O. (2022a). Mathematical analysis of the causes of examination malpractices in Nigeria: an epidemic modeling approach. Journal of Science and Mathematics Letters, 10(1), 44-54.
Ayoade, A. A., & Farayola, P. I. (2020a). Dynamics of examination malpractice among the players in Nigeria. Daffodil International University Journal of Science and key Technology, 15(2), 28-32.
Ayoade, A. A., & Farayola, P. I. (2021). A mathematical modeling of economic restoration through agricultural revitalisation in Nigeria. Journal of Quality Measurement and Analysis, 17(1), 79-91.
Ayoade, A. A., Farayola, P. I. & Lamidi, T. O. (2019). Dynamics and stability analysis of party switching in politics of Nigeria: a mathematical approach. Daffoldil International University Journal of Science and Technology,14(1), 53-60.
Ayoade, A.A. & Ibrahim, M.O. (2022d). Analysis of transformation dynamics and mitigation of COVID-19 in Nigeria: an insight from a mathematical model. The Aligarh Bulletin of Mathematics, 41(1), 81-106.
Diao, X., Hazell, P., & Thurlow, J. (2010). The role of agriculture in African development World Development, 38(10), 1375-1383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.06.011
Diekmann, O., Heesterbeek, J. A. J., & Metz, J. A. J. (1990). On the definition and the computation of the basic reproduction ratio R_0 in models for infectious diseases in heterogeneous populations. Journal of Mathematical Biology, 28(4), 365-382. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00178324
Digital History. (n.d.). The industrial revolution. https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/teachers/lesson_plans/pdfs/unit7_1.pdf
Ferreira, P.C., Pessoa, S., & dos Santos, M.R. (2015). Globalization and the industrial revolution. Macroeconomics Dynamics, 1(3), 77-90. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1365100514000509
Francks, P. (2021). The reconceptualisation of the industrial revolution and why it matters for Japanese studies. Japan Forum, 6(2), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/09555803.2021.2002388
Groumpos, P. P. (2021). A critical historical and scientific overview of all industrial revolution IFAC PapersOnLine, 54(13), 464–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.10.492
Hoppit, J. (1987). Understanding the industrial revolution. The Historical Journal, 30, 211- 224. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X00021993
Kapas, J. (2008). Industrial revolutions and the evolution of the firm's organization: a historical perspective. Journal of Innovation Economics & Management, 1(2),15-33. https://doi.org/10.3917/jie.002.0015
Kayani, M. M., Akbar, R. A., Faisal, S., Kayani, A., & Ghuman, M. A. (2017). Analysis of socio-economic benefits of education in developing countries: an example of Pakistan. Bulletin of Education and Research, 39(2), 75-92.
Lewis, W. A. (1954). Economic development with unlimited supplies of labour. The Manchester School, 22(2), 139-199. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.1954.tb00021.x
Maduegbunam, T. O., & Okafor, N. M. (2014). Functional education: an essential tool for bridging the gap in education in Nigeria. Academic Discourse: An International Journal, 15(1), 193-198
Menon, J., & Fink, A. (2019). The fourth industrial revolution and its implications for regional economic integration in ASEAN. Journal of Asian Economic Integration, 1(1) 32–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684618821566
Mohajan, H. K. (2019). The first industrial revolution: creation of a new global human era. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 5(4), 377-387
Mpofu, J. (2013). Relevance of formal education to third world countries national development. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education,1(5), 64-70. https://doi.org/10.9790/7388-0156470
Taiwo, I. & Muftau, I. A. (2018). Impact of agricultural financing schemes on agricultural output in Nigeria. Ilorin Journal of Finance, 2(2), 111-122.
The Nairametrics (January 28, 2021). Nigeria, now 2nd most corrupt country in West Africa – Transparency International. Retrieved September 30, 2021, from https://nairametrics.com/2021/01/28/nigeria-now-2nd-most-corrupt-country-in-west-africa-transparency-international/
The Punch (May 15, 2022). ASUU embarks on 16 strikes in 23 years, FG, lecturers Disagrees over 13-year MOU. Retrieved May 21, 2022, from https://punchng.com/asuu-embarks-on-16-strikes-in-23-years-fg-lecturers-disagree-over-13-year-mou/
Thom-Otuya, B. E. N., & Inko-tariah, D. C. (2016). Quality education for national development: the Nigerian experience. African Education Research Journal, 4(3), 101-108.
Turkkahraman, M. (2012). The role of education in the societal development. Journal of Educational and Instructional Studies, 2(4), 38-41.
Vries, J. D. (1994). The industrial revolution and the industrious revolution. The Journal of Economic History, 54(2), 249-270. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050700014467
Wikipedia. (n.d.). Industrial revolution. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors guarantee the journal the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors can set separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, place it in an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
3. The authors have declared to hold all permissions to use the resources they provided in the paper (images, tables, among others) and assume full responsibility for damages to third parties.
4. The opinions expressed in the paper are the exclusive responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the opinion of the editors or the Universidad Nacional.
Uniciencia Journal and all its productions are under Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Unported.
There is neither fee for access nor Article Processing Charge (APC)
