Fluorescencia, reflectancia y respuesta fisiológica al estrés hídrico en plántulas de Gmelina arborea Roxb

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15359/ru.35-1.20

Palabras clave:

Fisiología forestal, estrés hídrico, Gmelina arborea, degradación fisiológica

Resumen

Se realizó una caracterización de la fluorescencia, reflectancia y respuesta fisiológica al estrés hídrico en plántulas de Gmelna arborea Roxb. Para lo cual, se desarrolló un experimento durante 31 días con dos tratamientos: plantas testigo (se aplicó un régimen hídrico normal) y plantas en condición de estrés hídrico (a las que se les limitó en su totalidad el agua por el periodo del experimento). Para ambos métodos se implementaron clones de G. arborea y se evaluaron cada siete días hasta el final del experimento, se analizó la fotosíntesis, conductancia estomática, turgencia foliar, contenido relativo de clorofila, fluorescencia y reflectancia. Los resultados mostraron que la biomasa en las plantas con estrés se redujo en un 26,9 % siendo la cobertura foliar la que mostró mayor afectación (disminución del 29,1 %), la reducción de la fotosíntesis fue del 60,1 % (5,8 µmol m-2 s-1) con respecto a la planta testigo (14,6 µmol m-2 s-1). Para las variables conductancia estomática, turgencia y contenido relativo de clorofila el comportamiento fue de disminuir sus valores de un 20 a 60 % conforme el periodo de estrés se incrementó. Con respecto a la fluorescencia se determinaron dos patrones: de los 400 a 550 nm la fluorescencia se incrementó en las plantas estresadas, mientras que a partir de los 600 a 725 nm fueron las plantas testigo las que presentaron mayor excitación, en ambos rangos se presentaron valores máximos en los puntos correspondientes a clorofila a y b. Finalmente, la reflectancia mostró diferenciación entre los 460 y 770 nm siendo las plantas en condiciones de estrés las que presentaron una reflectancia mayor. El patrón obtenido de degradación fisiológica de las plantas estresadas se debe a la pérdida de agua del organismo que incide en cierre de estomas, aumento de producción de ácido abscísico, disminución de la síntesis de pared celular y limitaciones en la síntesis de proteínas.

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Publicado

2021-01-31

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