Revisión sistemática sobre la contribución del género Tessaria (Asteraceae) al estudio y tratamiento del cáncer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/ru.36-1.30Palabras clave:
Pájaro bobo, plantas autóctonas, etnofarmacología, oncología, medicamentos herbarios, medicina complementariaResumen
Perteneciente a la familia Asteraceae, Tessaria (Ruiz & Pavon, 1753) es un género de arbustos o árboles pequeños distribuidos en diversos hábitats ubicados desde Argentina hasta el suroeste de los Estados Unidos de América. El taxón está compuesto por cinco especies confirmadas, las cuales han sido previamente reportadas por sus usos etnofarmacológicos como hipocolesterolemiante, hipoglucemiante, antitusivo, antiinflamatorio, anticanceroso y abortivo; así como en enfermedades hepáticas, renales, pulmonares y reumáticas. Hasta el momento, se han analizado químicamente T. absinthioides, T. ambigua, T. dodoneifolia, T. fastigiata y T. integrifolia. Mientras que las decocciones, infusiones, extractos metanólicos e hidrometanólicos son los compuestos botánicos más estudiados; sus constituyentes fitoquímicos más reconocidos son el ácido cafeolquínico, eupatorina, naringenina, protocatechuic y quercetina. Científicamente, se atribuyeron al género varias propiedades biomédicas como virucida, antibacteriano, leishmanicida, insecticida, gastroprotector, antiasmático, hipoglucemiante y antiaterogénico. En relación con la investigación oncológica, las sustancias químicas producidas por Tessaria, tienen actividades antitumorales que interfieren con la carcinogénesis, la proliferación celular, la metástasis y la angiogénesis. Además, los extractos naturales obtenidos de estas especies tienen actividades biológicas estrechamente relacionadas con el cáncer y actúan como antioxidantes y antiinflamatorios. En particular, se ha informado que T. absinthioides resulta citotóxico contra varias líneas de células cancerosas y actúa como compuesto antitumoral en modelos murinos. Debido a los antecedentes mencionados, se considera la especie Tessaria como infravalorada dentro del campo oncológico. El objetivo de la presente revisión sistemática es resumir la información disponible del género, relevante para la investigación y el tratamiento del cáncer.
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