Análisis de la Escala de Clima Escolar en Ambientes Universitarios (ECEAU)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15359/ru.38-1.4

Palabras clave:

análisis factorial, clima escolar, confiabilidad, educación superior, matemática, validez

Resumen

[Objetivo] El objetivo del documento es verificar la estructura factorial de la Escala de Clima Escolar en Ambientes Universitarios (ECEAU) mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM). [Metodología] Se realizó un estudio transversal no experimental con una muestra aleatoria de 381 estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, a los que se le aplicó la ECEAU. Se planteó un modelo SEM para verificar la estructura factorial de la escala y un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) que brindó la base para proponer un modelo SEM alternativo con una estructura distinta. La confiabilidad de las escalas se determinó mediante el omega de McDonald y los criterios de bondad de ajuste para los modelos SEM fueron el RMSEA, el CFI, el TLI y el GFI. El análisis se efectuó con el software R. [Resultados] La confiabilidad de las escalas en ambos modelos resultaron adecuadas (w >0.70), aunque mejores en el modelo propuesto. El AFE sugirió una estructura diferente para la ECEAU, manteniendo algunas dimensiones de la estructura original y modificando y eliminando otras. Los indicadores de bondad de ajuste, en ambos modelos, fueron casi idénticos con RMSEA=0.02, CFI=0.99, el TLI=0.99 y GFI=0.98, lo que brinda evidencia a favor de las estructuras factoriales planteadas. [Conclusiones] Se verifica la estructura originalmente planteada en la ECEAU y las diferencias en los métodos de estimación y rotación generaron la propuesta de otra estructura factorial, igualmente válida, para medir el constructo clima escolar, en el contexto universitario estudiado y que puede ser aplicado a contextos similares.

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Publicado

2024-01-01

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