Propiedades farmacológicas de Annona muricata como terapia alternativa en el tratamiento del cáncer: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15359/ru.38-1.29Palabras clave:
Annona muricata, annonaceae, terapia alternativa, actividad citotóxica, flavonoides, acetogeninas, apoptosis, componentes bioactivosResumen
[Objetivo] El objetivo fue determinar las propiedades farmacológicas y terapéuticas de la Annona muricata, como terapia alternativa o preventiva para el tratamiento del cáncer. [Métodos] Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en tres bases de datos (Scopus, Pubmed/MEDLINE y Web of Science) utilizando palabras claves y vocabularios controlados sobre Annona muricata, terapia alternativa o preventiva y tratamiento del cáncer, siguiendo la metodología de la declaración Prisma. Después de la búsqueda inicial, los estudios seleccionados se exportaron al gestor bibliográfico de referencias Mendeley. Para la extracción de los datos de los estudios incluidos, se utilizó el programa Excel, y se empleó un formulario referencial. [Resultados] Se seleccionaron diez estudios, los cuales evidenciaron el efecto farmacológico de los extractos de hojas de Annona muricata sobre las células cancerígenas diversas. Todos los estudios seleccionados correspondieron a ensayos in vitro/in vivo. Asimismo, los estudios demostraron la presencia de diversos compuestos bioactivos presentes en la Annona muricata, los cuales le confieren un poder citotóxico y anticancerígeno. [Conclusiones] Esta revisión sistemática demostró que la Annona muricata, es una planta de excelente potencial anticancerígeno y citotóxico, para ser utilizada como terapia alternativa o complementaria en diversos tipos de cáncer, debido a que presenta compuestos bioactivos, como acetogeninas, compuestos fenólicos, flavonoides, alcaloides, entre otros, cuyo efecto principal es la apoptosis de células cancerígenas. Sin embargo, se requieren de mayores análisis, principalmente de intervención, para probar su efectividad en beneficio de la salud humana.
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