Actividad antimicrobiana de diversos quimiotipos de Lippia graveolens contra Aeromonas hydrophila aislada de Oreochromis niloticus

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15359/ru.38-1.30

Palabras clave:

Aceite esencial, orégano, tilapia, acuicultura, timol

Resumen

[Objetivo] El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficiencia antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de diversos quimiotipos de Lippia graveolens contra la cepa Aeromonas hydrophila resistente a la oxitetraciclina, la cual afecta principalmente a la acuicultura de tilapia (O. niloticus) en Guatemala. [Metodología] L. graveolens se colectó en tres departamentos de Guatemala, los aceites esenciales (AE) se obtuvieron mediante hidrodestilación y se caracterizaron mediante cromatografía de gases y espectrometría de masas (GC/MS). Posteriormente, se realizó un ensayo antimicrobiano utilizando pruebas de susceptibilidad en disco y dilución, y se evaluaron las interacciones sinérgicas entre los diferentes quimiotipos. Cada prueba se repitió tres veces. [Resultados] El análisis evidenció la presencia de veintisiete compuestos en los AE obtenidos de los quimiotipos, siendo los monoterpenos la clase principal. Los principales constituyentes identificados fueron cis-dihidro-β-terpineol (8.84 %) en el quimiotipo I, carvacrol (51.82 %) en el quimiotipo II y timol (79.62 %) en el quimiotipo III. Todos los AE de los diferentes quimiotipos de L. graveolens demostraron capacidad para inhibir el crecimiento de A. hydrophila. En particular, el quimiotipo timol obtuvo el efecto inhibitorio más fuerte contra el crecimiento bacteriano, con una concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) de 92.4 µg/mL y una concentración mínima bactericida (CMB) de 184.8 µg/mL. Los resultados sugieren que no existe un efecto sinérgico o aditivo al combinar los diferentes quimiotipos de L. graveolens. [Conclusiones] Este estudio constituye el primer reporte sobre la actividad antimicrobiana de los diferentes quimiotipos de L. graveolens contra A. hydrophila resistente a la oxitetraciclina. Los hallazgos sugieren que el quimiotipo timol podría ser un tratamiento potencial para las infecciones en la acuicultura de tilapia en Guatemala.

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2024-08-31

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