VENENOS DE SERPIENTES DE AMÉRICA: SUS EFECTOS EN EL ORGANISMO
Keywords:
veneno, serpientesAbstract
En el presente trabajo se efectúa una revisión de la literatura relacionada con los efectos provocados por los venenos de serpiente en el continente americano. Dichos venenos se pueden ubicar en tres grupos principales: a) los de las serpientes de coral (familia Elapidae) caracterizados por sus efectos neurotóxico, miotóxico, hemolítico y de alteraciones cardiovasculares; b) el veneno de la cascabel sudamericana Crotalus durissus terrificus, el cual provoca alteraciones neurotóxicas, hemolíticas y nefrotóxicas; y c) los venenos de la gran mayoría de las serpientes de la subfamilia Crotalinae, los cuales inducen un severo cuadro de alteraciones locales que incluyen necrosis de los tejidos muscular y conectivo, hemorragia y edema, además de provocar efectos sistémicos, destacándose la hemorragia, el choque cardiovascular, la nefrotoxicidad, la hemólisis intravascular y las alteraciones en la coagulación sanguínea. En la presente revisión se discuten los mecanismos de acción de estos venenos, así como algunas consideraciones relativas al tratamiento del accidente of ídico.
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